toward juveniles takes the form of threats. The 
frequency of these are important in determining 
adult behavior since they lead to the conditioned 
behavior of avoiding the approaches of other rats. 
This avoidance of a more dominant rat is the 
major characteristic of a subordinate individual. 
Young rats gain their initial sexual experience 
with adults. In many other ways the behavior 
and fate of a maturing rat is determined by the 
actions and activities of its adult associates. 
251 
