THE SIGHTS OF GIBRALTAR. 
19 
Cape Trafalgar, and sighted the light of Tarifa. At 
sunrise the next morning we were close under the 
Rock of Gibraltar, rising barren grey and gloomy 
before us. Shortly after we came to anchor, and later 
in the day proceeded alongside the New Mole to 
complete with coal, &c. 
This remarkable promontory, the Calpe of the 
ancients, constituted of old, with the opposite Abyla, 
or Apes’ Hill, the boundary of the then known 
world. 
Gibraltar was strongly fortified when it belonged 
to Spain, but its greatest and grandest works date 
from the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), when it became 
attached to England. Stupendous and incomparable 
are the works which since that period have been 
executed on it. Excellent and well-kept roads lead 
to the principal fortifications, which begin at an 
elevation of only a few hundred yards above the 
town. 
The galleries hewn in the solid rock, forming 
a kind of casemate, have been constructed at an im- 
mense expense of labour and money. Their extent 
is over a mile in length ; and besides these galleries, 
passages run for miles in the interior of the Rock, 
affording the garrison a thoroughly protected con- 
nection with all points that might be at any time 
threatened. 
The grandest and most imposing of these marvel- 
lous excavations are the Queen’s Gallery and St. 
