16 
CBUISE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGEB. 
reign of King John III., in 1557 — began the great 
change. Misgovernment, tyranny, and the work of 
the Jesuits and the Inquisition strangled the rising 
fortune of this little kingdom. From that day up to 
the present, matters have seemingly been going from 
bad to worse_, and now, stripped of nearly all its 
colonies, Portugal is indeed but a wreck of what it 
was in the sixteenth century, when England could 
not have disputed the possession of an inch of ground 
with her for a week. England now wears the mantle 
Portugal in her blindness and bigotry let fall. 
Before we left Lisbon, his Majesty King Luiz I., 
who is known to be very fond of natural history, 
&c., did us the honour to visit the ship, and remained 
on board for some considerable time, showing the 
greatest interest in the captures which had been 
made on the passage from England. 
Other matters were at the same time fully ex- 
plained by Captain Nares and Professor Thomson, 
sufficient to enable him to thoroughly comprehend 
the object of the Expedition, also showing him each 
department in full working order. After luncheon, 
and previous to his departure, a group photograph 
was taken of his Majesty and the officers of the 
Expedition. 
We were detained here until the 12th by a 
heavy gale from the south-west. On its moderating, 
we steamed out of the Tagus, and the next day 
dredged in 470 fathoms off Setubal. The bottom was 
