THE CITY OF LISBON, FROM THE TAGUS. 
CHAPTER I. 
England to Lisbon and Gibraltar. 
H.M.S. Challenger commissioned at Sheerness — Objects of the voyage 
— Equipment and fittings — Leave Sheerness— The stormy pass- 
age — Arrive at Portsmouth — Commencement of the voyage— 
Leaving England — Weather in the Channel — Across the Bay of 
Biscay — First sounding and dredging — The results— Land in 
sight — Enter the Tagus — Anchor off the city of Lisbon — Visit 
the shore — Sight-seeing — Church at Belem — Churches, gardens, 
and palaces — Early history of Portugal— Visit of King Luiz to the 
Challenger — Leave Lisbon — Dredging off Cape St. Vincent — First 
trial with the trawl — Venus’s flower-baskets — Description — Trawl- 
ing near Gibraltar — Obtain specimens of the Umbellularia — Their 
description — Pass Cape Trafalgar— Bock of Gibraltar in sight — 
Arrive, and secure alongside the mole— Sights of Gibraltar — 
Galleries through the rocks — Stalactite caves — -Gibraltar as a 
military fortress — Ceremony of opening and closing the gates — 
The naval establishment — The town — Its churches-— Garrison 
library — The Alameda — Neutral Ground — Campa and SanBoque. 
H.M.S. Challenger was placed in commission at 
Sheerness, on the 15th November 1872, for the 
