INTBOD TJCTION. 
5 
engine, with shafting and drums for heaving in 
the dredging and sounding-lines, extending entirely 
across the ship ; and on the after-part of the deck, be- 
sides the usual standard and other compasses, was the 
Fox dipping-circle, with which it was intended to make 
an extensive daily series of magnetic observations. 
From the Hydrographic Department at the Ad- 
miralty a code of instructions was issued, regulating 
the daily routine to be carried out whenever the 
weather and other circumstances permitted. The 
Challenger , after visiting Lisbon, Gibraltar, and 
Madeira, was to proceed across the Atlantic, through 
the trade-wind region, to the Virgin Islands; thence 
to Bermuda, onward to the coast of North America ; 
and eastward again to the Azores, and thence to 
the Canaries, Cape de Verde, and to the equatorial 
regions — which were to be thoroughly investigated 
— westward to St. Paul’s Rocks, Fernando de No- 
ronha, and to the coast of Brazil. After leaving 
Bahia, it was desirable that the island of Trinidad, 
Martin Vaz, and Tristan d’Acunha should be visited 
on the passage across the South Atlantic to the Cape 
of Good Hope, which it was expected would be 
reached at the close of 1873. 
From the Cape it was proposed to examine the 
small groups of islands of Marion and Crozet, and to 
visit Kerguelen Land; from which the expedition 
was directed to proceed as far south as safety would 
permit in the neighbourhood of the Antarctic ice- 
