CONTENTS. 
INTRODUCTION 
PAfciE 
1 
CHAPTER I. 
ENGLAND TO LISBON AND GIBRALTAR. 
H.M.S. Challenger commissioned at Slieerness — Objects of the 
voyage — Equipment and fittings — Leave Sheerness — The 
stormy passage — Arrive at Portsmouth — Commencement of 
the voyage — Leaving England — Weather in the Channel — 
Across the Bay of Biscay — Eirst sounding and dredging — 
The results— Land in sight — Enter the Tagus — Anchor off 
the city of Lisbon — Visit the shore — Sight-seeing — Church at 
Belem — Churches, gardens, and palaces — Early history of 
Portugal — Visit of King Luiz to the Challenger — Leave 
Lisbon — Dredging off Cape St. Vincent — Eirst trial with the 
trawl — Venus’s flower-baskets — Description — Trawling near 
Gibraltar — Obtain specimens of the Umbellularia — Their 
description— Pass Cape Trafalgar— Rock of Gibraltar in 
sight— Arrive, and secure alongside the mole— Sights in 
Gibraltar — Galleries through the rocks — Stalactite caves — 
Gibraltar as a military fortress — Ceremony of opening and 
closing the gates — The naval establishment — The town — Its 
churches— Garrison library — The Alameda— Neutral Ground 
— Campa and San Roque 7 
CHAPTER n. 
GIBRALTAR TO MADEIRA AND TENERIFPE (CANARY ISLANDS). 
Leave Gibraltar — Daily sounding and trawling — Sight Porto Santo 
— Its discovery and early history — Arrive and anchor in 
Eunchal Bay, Madeira — Its early history — Eirst impres- 
