FASCICULI MALATENSES 
39 
very correct up to about twenty-five yards, beyond which it is uncertain, 
though the range may be much greater. 
The quivers of this tribe are never ornamented like those of the Po- 
Klo, but are finished very neatly and have covers made of extremely flexible 
and fine basketwork, the material of which consists of narrow ribbons split 
from the stems or roots of rattans and ferns. These covers are shaped like 
cowls, and often extend for some inches above the top of the quiver. They 
are used as receptacles for the c palm-scurf,’ and are sometimes provided with 
a network of rattan, which prevents it falling down among the darts. The 
material of which the quivers themselves are made is a large bamboo, probably 
a species of Macrocalamus , which is believed only to grow on high ground. 
The outer surface in well-seasoned specimens is of a rich dark-brown colour, 
which the Sakais do not destroy by incised ornamentation. Each quiver has 
some resin daubed on its base, and this is probably used to produce the fine 
polish exhibited by many of the specimens. The dark colour is further in- 
tensified by the smoke of the fire, over which the quivers are suspended 
in the Sakai houses. Plaited rattan is often bound round the quiver, and 
serves as a point of attachment for the string by means of which it is fastened 
to the hunter’s belt. This string is tied to the bone of an animal, generally 
either a squirrel or a monkey, or to a piece of wood, which is twisted into 
the waist-cloth, a type of fastening which differentiates quivers made in the 
Malay Peninsula from those of Bornean tribes. 
The poisons used in South Perak appear to be made from the same 
ingredients and in the same manner as in other parts of the Peninsula. The 
darts and poison palettes are indistinguisable from those of the Seman, and 
the quality of the poison is indicated upon the cones of the darts in the same 
way as in Upper Perak. The upas tree, as well as its chief product, is called 
ipoh by the Mai Darat, and the strychnos, bruyal , but ipoh is also a general 
term, used both among the wild and the civilized tribes, for all dart poisons 
manufactured by the former. 
The Sakais are naturally averse to wasting their darts, and it is difficult 
to persuade them to do so in mere display. They prefer to capture birds 
alive, by means of snares or birdlime. The former are used for the larger 
kinds of ground birds, such as the Jungle Fowl ( Callus gallus )' and the Argus 
and Peacock Pheasants (. Argusianus argus and Polypleclron bicalcaratum). 
Smaller, tree-haunting species are more commonly caught by means of twigs 
smeared with birdlime and disposed among the branches of trees in fruit. 
The birdlime is procured from a variety of trees and creepers, and the 
i. The Jungle Fowl is probably, and the Pheasants are possibly, immune to ipoh. 
