FASCICULI MALATENSES 
viii 
Upper Perak 
The district of Upper Perak, including the f New Territory,’ which was 
ceded or restored by the Siamese in 1899, occupies a considerable area, but is 
mainly covered with jungle, there being very little cultivated land and few or 
no mines, though deposits of gold are said to exist at Berusong, on the 
Temongoh River. The settled population is small, being centred in the 
villages of Lenggong, Grit, and Temongoh, or scattered in small clearings on 
the banks of the Perak River, which here forms a very important ethnological 
barrier. The jungle tribes living north of it have no settled place of abode 
or permanent dwellings, while the hill clans to the south make large plantations, 
which keep them in the same place, at any rate for a time, and there is 
a marked difference between the Malays of the two regions thus naturally 
separated ; there is said also to be a difference in the gibbons 1 found on the 
two banks, but this question has not been properly investigated. I spent a 
month (March 1 8th to April 18th, 1902,) in Upper Perak, doing very little 
but anthropological work, except to collect some butterflies. 
Grit. The most important place in the New Territory, being situated 
only a lew miles from the Rhaman border, at a point where large numbers of 
cattle are brought over into Perak. Formerly the village consisted of a col- 
lection of rather small Malay houses, but since 1899 a new settlement, with 
Chinese stores and government plank buildings, has come into being on the 
opposite side of the Grit River, a small tributary of the Perak. There is now 
a school for Malay boys at the place, and the district magistrate has a bungalow, 
which he frequently visits. The Malays of the place and of the surrounding 
hamlets are of a somewhat different type both from those of Kuala Kangsar 
and those of the East Coast States, having shorter laces, rather shorter heads, 
a slightly greater stature, straight hair, and clear yellowish complexions. Many 
Semangs inhabit the neighbouring jungle, coming regularly into the 
village to obtain tobacco and the like in exchange for jungle produce. 
Immediately round the houses the land has been cleared, and there are large 
wet rice-fields ; many patches of secondary jungle and of grassy savannah 
exist in the vicinity, though most of the jungle is evidently old. The high 
woods abound in game birds, such as the fire-back pheasant, Lophnia ignita , 
and the long-beaked partridge, Rhizothera longirostris ; and the butterfly, 
M.elanocyma faunula , a very local form, is common. In comparatively open 
places in the jungle I found other species, such as Papilio megarus^R. antiphates , 
Appias nero , enormously prolific in individuals ; but the scarcity of Danaids 
was noteworthy. 
1. Fascic. Malay. — Zoology, Vol. I, p. 3. 
