2 
II. — THE LITERATURE OF THE (PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS) 
C A RBO-PE RM I AN 1 AND PERMIAN FORAMINIFERA. 
The published information regarding the Poraminifera of the beds referred 
to the above horizons is somewhat scanty in comparison with that relating to 
the Carboniferous formation below, and the Mesozoic horizons immediately 
above. This seems to be due, primarily, to the general scarcity of minute 
marine fossils in the Permo-Carboniferous series, on account of the sediments 
being so frequently of estuarine, lacustrine or even terrestrial origin. It 
may be also owing to the difficulty of obtaining suitable material for 
disintegration ; and, further, the lithological condition of the series is not as 
a rule suitable for the preservation of the microzoa, which in all probability 
existed in some abundance in certain areas. 
The principal authors who have contributed to the subject of this 
fauna are — Prof. T. Rupert Jones (9, 10), Dr. A. E. von Reuss (13), Dr. H. B. 
Geinitz (3), Dr. E. E. Schmid (14), Messrs. Jones, Parker and Kirkby (11), 
Dr. H. B. Brady (1), Dr. C. W. von Giimbel (5), W. Howchin (6, 7, 8), 
Erich Spandel (15, 16), and E. Chapman (2). 
Respecting the foregoing works, it may be briefly stated that Prof. 
Rupert Jones, as early as 1850, gave descriptions and figures of six species of 
Poraminifera, including the form previously described by Geinitz in 1848, 
under the name of Serpula pusilla (now known as Ammodiscus pusillus, 
Gein. sp.). 
The Nodosaria geinitzi described from the Zechstein (Permian) of 
Wetterau by Reuss is referable to N. radicula (Liune). 
The Poraminifera of the Permian series of Central Germany were 
summarised in 1861 by Geinitz, who figured thirteen species. The same 
author described two species of Fusulina from the Permo-Carboniferous 
of Nebraska in 1866. 
Dr. Schmid’s work on the Poraminifera of the Zechstein at Wetterau 
in 1867, chiefly resulted in the description of Trochammina Jilum, but 
referred by that author to the genus Serpula. 
1 The Authors desire to point out that whilst they are in favour of the use of the term “ Carbo-Permian,” 
“Permo-Carboniferous ” is used in deference to the custom of the Geological Survey of N. S. Wales. The question 
of the nomenclature of the formations associated with the coal measures of Eastern Australia will be fully discussed 
by Professor T. VV. Edgeworth David in his forthcoming “ Geology of the Hunter River Coal-field.” 
