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BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
of highly disturbed Upper Silurian rocks, but includes a large area of 
little disturbed Lower Carboniferous on the Lower Tobique. Evidently 
this plateau represents the remnant of a second and younger peneplain, 
far less dissected than the older, which, although much higher above the 
sea level, is without doubt the equivalent of the newer peneplain recog- 
nized by Daly in Nova Scotia, and homologized by him with the Tertiary" 
Peneplain of New England. Whatever we may think as to the 
mode of origin of these peneplains, or as to their age, there can be no 
question as to their real existence. This conception of the two pene- 
plains throws a flood of light upon the topography of Central New 
Brunswick, which, without them, is most confused and well nigh 
impossible of interpretation. 
We turn now to the Right Hand Branch. As already described 
(Note No. 39), this includes a number of valleys deeply cut into the 
Pre-Cambrian highlands, and conv^erging northward. All that we can 
be sure of as to their age is that they are at least as old as the pene- 
plain into which they have cut, which, tentatively, we may agree with 
Daly in assigning to Cretaceous age, but they may be very much 
older An important point about them, however, is this : that their 
direction of flow is nearly in reverse of that of the Main Tobique 
river. This can only be explained by the supposition that the pene- 
plain, when they began to cut into it, had a slope to the northward 
and sent these rivers draining into waters whose modern representative 
is the Bay Chaleur. The entire Silurian plateau would at that time 
have been filled with rocks to the level of this Cretaceous plateau, and 
the remainder of the Tobique could not then have been in existence. 
In this connection we may well consider another part of the 
Tobique which has probably had a similar history, namely, the upper 
part of the Little Tobique, together with the Nepisiguit Lakes. As 
has been pointed out by Chalmers (Note 33), in Pre-Glacial times the 
Nepisiguit Lake valley doubtless emptied into the Nictor Valley; and 
the direction of flow of this Nictor Nepisiguit valley, parallel with the 
Right Hand Branch, and its similar general relation to the formations 
of the region, makes it seem certain that it is of the same age and has 
had the same history as the Right Hand Branch. 
We next turn to the Main Tobique and the Mamozekel, the latter 
a direct continuation of the former. It seems plain that these two 
are morphologically one river, and together form the real Main 
Tobique. With the Mamozekel I am not familiar, though T have .seen 
