NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 433 
Turning attention more particulary to the Maraozekel, we note that 
it forks at its head into two branches, which approach respectively 
the Nictor and Nepisiguit Lakes. As shown in an earlier note (No. 
29), there are but low valleys between the lakes and these branches, 
indicating a former connection and drainage into the Mamozekel. 
All of the facts seem in harmony with the explanation of this region 
already given, that the Nepisiguit-Nictor-VaUey and the upper part of 
the Little Tobique, as far as the right-angled bend, form part of an 
ancient valley, whose waters, by the same causes which turned the 
Right Hand Branch southward to form the Main Tobique, were turned 
southward to form the Mamozekel. Which of the two connections 
with the Nictor-Nepisiguit- Valley is the older, remains to be deter- 
mined. Subsequently the latter valley was captured from the Mamo- 
-zekel by the Little Tobique, and finally the Nepisiguit part of the 
valley was turned by glacial drift down the Nepisiguit River. 
We turn next to the Little Tobique which winds about in a wide 
gravel-bottomed valley. It enters the Main Tobique at exactly the 
same point as the Right Hand Branch, a fact which can hardly express 
a mere coincidence, and which, doubtless, indicates some casual con- 
nection. This is, probably, because the lower part of the Little Tobique 
occupies the ancient valley by which the Right Hand Branch flowed 
northward before the Main Tobique was formed. Possibly the Sisson 
Branch occupies the position of that ancient river, -and the Little 
Tobique may originally have been but a branch of it. Probably the 
Little Tobique at first headed in the present Little Cedar Brook, and 
then sent off a branch which captured the Nictor Valley at the right, 
angled Bend. 
The present Tobique River, therefore, has had its present approxi- 
mate form and extent since, at least, the beginning of the elevation of 
4)he younger peneplain, and, perhaps, much longer. It is still steadily 
cutting its channel into the peneplains, giving origin to its charming 
scenery, and cutting back at its heads. One phase of this extension 
deserves special mention, namely, one of its branches, the Gulquac, has 
extended back at its head until it has actually tapped the system of 
lakes at the head of the Right Hand Branch. Theoretically, this 
process can go on until all of those lakes are turned by shorter courses 
into the Tobique, thus further complicating the physiography of this 
^region. The Main Tobique has cut down in one place into ancient 
