NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW RRUNSWICK. 
437 
Here belong also, no doiabt, Gordon Falls on Pollet River, all the 
principal falls of the St. Croix (Salmon, Sprague’s, Grand, Chepednec, 
Little and Tagwaan), those at the mouth of the Digdeguash, Upper 
Falls on the Magaguadavic, the four fine falls on the Lepreau* 
(Ragged, Big, Little, and that at the mouth), the Upsalquitch Falls 
at Ramsay’s Portage, Pabineau and other falls on the Lower Nepisi- 
guit, and numerous others on various streams throughout the province. 
Many of these, particularly those flowing in the hardest rocks, have 
insignificant gorges, but some of them possess gorges of great extent 
and impressiveness, of which the finest are those of the Grand Falls 
of the St. John, of the Nepisiguit and of the Sisson Branch, f 
In some cases, where falls of this class once existed, there is now 
but a gorge, for the fall has worked completely back through the 
rocky ledges to the level of its old channel. The four greatest examples 
of such gorges in the Province are, that at the mouth of the St. John, 
the Narrows at the mouth of the Tobique, the Narrows on the Nepisi- 
guit, four miles above Grand Falls, and the Narrows described by 
Ells on the Northwest Miramichi. ; Probably most of the many places 
on our rivers which have the name Narrows, have had this origin. 
Looking next at the distribution of the greater falls of this class, 
we at once observe that they are much more abundant on rivers, or 
portions of rivers, running in a general north and south (more exactly 
south-east) direction than on those running in a general west and east 
(more exactly north-east) direction. No doubt special local conditions 
of strike of formations, depth of valleys (in such a river as the Resti- 
gouche) and amount of drift available, etc., explain this peculiarity to 
a great extent, but they do not entirely ; and the fact that the falls 
are most common in valleys following the direction of movement of 
the glaciers suggests that the glacial dams causing the falls are mostly 
of the nature of terminal moraines. 
2. Boulder Falls. — When glacial drift was thrown into valleys 
in quantities not too great, the rivers afterwards removed it all except 
the boulders too large to be moved, which remained as obstructions in 
the channel, forming bad rapids and even small falls. Thus are caused 
* I am surprised that the great and picturesque falls on this river, particularly Ragged 
and Big Falls, seem so little known in the province. 
1 The Sisson gorge, unlike the others mentioned, which are U-shaped, and with mostly 
bare walls, is V-shaped, and with heavily-wooded walls. 
i Geological Report for 18S1, D. 29, 
