NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
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Lake into Long Lake, and innumerable other small ones in various 
parts of the province. Such falls will, of course, occur in tlieir most 
typical form only upon very small and new streams. As those streams 
grow larger the falls will become reduced in height until they disappear, 
and they will pass through a stage in which they will merge with 
those of the preceding class. 
Here also belong falls which occur where streams drop from a 
plateau to lower levels, even if these be not river valleys but have 
been formed by faulting or other method. Of this nature is probably 
the fall of ninety feet said to occur upon the stream emptying Lake 
Antonio into Sparks Lake in Charlotte.* Moreover, the many small 
falls on any streams coming from elevated land to lower levels belong 
partially here, but not entirely, for the mere slope alone would produce 
smooth sluices and not falls, and the actual fall comes rather under 
the next class. 
5. Erosion Falls. — Where streams are flowing down a sloping 
bed and cross bands of harder and softer rocks, they erode out the 
softer, forming falls over the harder. The same result follows where 
portions of the rock are met with, more jointed than elsewhere ; these 
parts are more easily removed, leaving a fall over the less jointed part. 
Thus are formed many of the minor falls along the courses of our 
smaller streams, and especially along torrents flowing in rocky beds, 
such, for example, as the small rivers entering the Bay of Fundy 
between Quaco and Point Wolfe. By this method, also, falls forr^ed 
in other ways are often given a more irregular character than they 
would otherwise possess. Usually falls of but a few feet in height are 
thus formed. 
6. Tidal Falls. — Where heavy tides pour through narrow chan- 
nels into large basins, there must be a considerable drop towards the 
water level beyond the barrier. If now in addition there is a shallow 
reef at the narrow place, the conditions are present for a true tidal 
fall, which may run inward with the rising and outward with the 
falling tide. Our best example of such a fall, and doubtless the best 
anywhere known, is that at the mouth of the St. John. Another of 
* I have not seen this fall. It is mentioned in a pamphlet issued by the Mag:aguadavie 
Fish and Game Association, which states that Lake Antonio (locally Anthony) is 500 feet 
above Sparks Lake. An early plan by Holt gives it as 250 feet above Sparks Lake. All 
printed maps are in error in making this lake empty into Forked Lake ; it empties into 
Sparks Lake, between Red Rock and Clear Lakes. The maps make it also far too small. 
