442 
JiULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
valleys, which brings us to the present. But the periods of elevation 
{and, doubtless, of submergence also), were accompanied by warpings 
of the surface, and this was of two kinds ; first, warpings parallel 
with the Appalachian trend, one of which is responsible, in part at 
least, for the Bay of Fundy; and second, folding about a hinge line 
running through Cape Sable, Digby, and east of St. John, the part 
to the westward having a slight westerly slope. 
We pass now to investigate the application of this conception of 
the two peneplains to New Brunswick. First, we have to consider 
the Southern Highlands, a range of ancient crystalline ridges and 
hills extending parallel with the Bay of Fundy from Charlotte to 
Albert counties. Its extreme elevations reach about 1,400 feet, but 
the general elevation is very much less. I have not had the oppor- 
tunity to observe these Highlands with the peneplain idea in mind, 
but in one position, at least, I recall that a distinct facet of the 
Cretaceous peneplain of Nova Scotia is finely shown, namely, . in 
the great plateau, some 600 to 800 feet above the sea, extending from 
near Quaco to Point Wolfe, several miles broad and merging north- 
ward with the greater heights which are either monadnocks of the 
ancient peneplain, or are a result of subsequent warping. Again, 
another facet probably occurs in Douglas Mountain and the Broke- 
Neck-Blue-Mountain ridge, over which Mount Champlain (Bald) rises 
as a monadnock. No doubt other facets will be found. 
North of these Highlands lies the great central Carboniferous 
Basin, which consists, for the most part, of soft sandstones, which have 
an elevation west of the St. John of 300 or 400 feet above sea level, and 
slope off gradually, with some local monadnocks and anticlinal warp- 
ings, to the eastward, where they dip evenly beneath the sea. The 
rivers, particularly the St. John, have cut deeply into it. As Daly 
himself points out, this basin falls in perfectly with his idea of the 
Tertiary peneplain. It is an extension of this peneplain which forms 
the great flat area in south-western York County, a typical peneplain 
from which rise a number of marked monadnocks. Mount Henry, 
Mount' Prospect, Magaguadavic Ridge, Cherry Hill, Wedawamketch, 
etc , representing remnants of the earlier peneplain. 
We pass next to the Central Highlands. This range lies north- 
east and south-west, entering the Province south of the Aroostook 
*nd Tobique, extending between Tobique and Miramichi, and across 
