THE SOUTH TOBigUE LAKES. 
477 
The beaver dam in Gnlquac Lake was the largest and best con- 
etructed of any that we saw. But nearly everywhere on these shallow 
lakes and their adjacent streams dams were found, and houses, many 
of them unoccupied. The advent of the lumbermen, who build dams, 
often on the sites of the beaver dams, has driven them to more remote 
wilds. The illustration here shown is of an unoccupied beaver house, 
in a good state of preservation, at the lower end of Serpentine Lake. 
Beyond the house may be seen the lumbermen’s dam built upon the 
sight of a former beaver dam. 
On Saturday, July 7th, and the following Monday, we made excur- 
sions beyond our camping ground to the lakes and sources of the 
streams in the South Tobique Basin. As a description of these has 
already been given to this Society by Dr. Ganong in his “ Physiography 
of the South Tobique Lake Basin,” I shall merely give an account of 
some of the plants found : A few of the most common were Ledum 
latifolium, whose white blossoms mingled with the white tufts of the 
cotton grass (Eriophorum polystachyon) formed a striking contrast to 
the rose-colored blossoms of the Rhodora Canadensis and the two 
Xalmias (K. augustifolium and K. glauca), and the rich purple blos- 
soms of the Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea). 
The abundance and variety of blossom, mingled with the vivid 
green of the foliage in the foreground of these lakes, relieved the som- 
bre character of the woods of black spruce and other evei’greens which 
-extended to the hillsides beyond. The black spruce, with its jagged, 
uneven tops, is everywhere in evidence here. There were very few 
tamaracks, few alders, except along the courses of the streams, a 
sprinkling of white birch of a small growth, numbers of Spinva 
(especially S. salicifolia). Viburnums (Viburnum cassinoides, V. opu- 
lus, V. pauciflorum), Cornuses (C. stolonifera, C. alternifolia). Rowan 
tree (Pyrus Americana, with its smaller congener P. arbutifolia), 
wild cherry and bilberry (Prunus Pennsylvanicum and Amelanchier 
•Canadensis.) 
The lakes were filled with Yellow Pond Lilies (Nuphar ad vena, 
and N. kalmiana). The root stocks of these, especially the newer 
portions as well as the young shoots, serve as food for the moose and 
-other wild animals. The moose may often be seen out in the lakes 
with head in the water digging them up out of the mud, and on these 
•occasions when their eyes are blinded with the muddy water, and with 
