1915] Turner: Breeding Habits of Ceuthophilus latens 
37 
strange, therefore, to find a stimilar habit among the Locustidae 
although the evidence is too scanty to assert that it is of common 
occurrence. 
b. Modification of Behavior Due to Interference 
If during the movements of a pair preliminary to copulation 
a second male is introduced and comes into contact with the first 
male he is driven away. If he first meets the female and so 
becomes sexually excited before coming into contact with the 
male he is not so readily driven off and may be the victor in a 
subsequent encounter. Such contests last but a few seconds and 
consist of springing forward and striking with the forelegs. No 
extended combats were observed, one attack of the mating indi- 
vidual being sufficient to drive his opponent away. If a second 
male comes into contact with a pair in copulation the male defends 
himself vigorously and successfully even though he is obliged to 
drag the female about with him in his struggles. If a female 
comes into contact with a male already in copulation the male 
shows excitement by vibrating his antennae as in the usual 
preliminary movements. 
One case was observed in which the usual preliminary move- 
ments were dispensed with and it seemed that the sense of sight 
played an important part, although the occurrence may have 
been accidental. A very weak male was attempting to copulate. 
The female’s ovipositor had been raised, but before the usual 
position of copulation had been gained a second male was intro- 
duced who went directly to the pair, drove away the first male 
and had copulated within a few seconds. 
Males will copulate with several females in succession but rarely 
with the same female more than twice. Females will allow sev- 
eral males to copulate in succession. A male, sexually excited, 
will grasp indiscriminately at any individual, male or female, 
which comes into contact with the posterior end of his body. 
A male will copulate with a dead female providing the tissues 
have not become stiff. A male forcibly separated from a female 
during copulation shows great excitement but does not attempt to 
copulate again for a long time. If disturbed he will attack either 
males or females. 
