1915] Turner: Breeding Habits of Ceuthophilus latens 
33 
night most individuals would be moving about the bottom of 
the cage or clinging to the wire netting at the top. Strong light 
caused them to seek cover. The sensitiveness to light was evi- 
dently localized in the eyes as no response was obtained by turn- 
ing a strong light upon the body and antennae while the head 
was buried. 
C. latens is sensitive to mechanical stimuli of different kinds. 
Especially is this true of air currents, a very slight stimulus being 
sufficient to make it leap about vigorously 
The fact that C. latens has no special organs for producing or 
receiving sounds and also that observations deny it the use of 
the sense of sight in its sexual activities, makes its breeding habits 
of interest for comparison with the activities of other Orthoptera 
in which the sexes find each other by the use of the senses of sight, 
hearing, smell and touch. The facts gathered regarding this 
comparison are reserved for a second paper. 
III. COPULATION 
Although copulation was seen to take place in the experimental 
cage, little could be observed of the preliminary movements, and 
the disturbance brought about by uncovering them usually caused 
the mating individuals to separate. It was found that if the 
sexes were kept separate for a time and then were introduced 
into a smaller cage where frequent contact became necessary 
that copulation took place with all the preliminary movements. 
In some of the experiments two individuals were allowed to 
copulate and others were then introduced to try the effect of 
interference. In others mutilations were tried. 
a. Copulation of a Single Normal Pair 
The individuals find each other by random movements. A 
male does not recognize a female until some part of her body 
comes into contact with his antennae. They take no notice of 
each other until this occurs. If their antennae come into contact 
first there is a prehminary “fencing” which lasts for several 
seconds, but contact of the male’s antennae with any part of the 
body of the female seems to suffice for “sex recognition.” The 
male immediately turns around and commences to back toward 
