1915] 
Muttkowski: New Insect Life Histories 
115 
The pupae are found buried in the vegetable matter with their 
respiratory tubes just protruding above the surface film. Whether 
the pupae are specifically lighter than water or whether the amount 
of air present may be assigned as a cause, — whichever be the case, 
the pupa floats in the water, differing in this respect from the 
larva. After being held in the water for over forty-eight hours 
the pupae still showed life. 
THE ADULT 
Specimens examined seemed to run out to P. elegans Kincaid 
in the key given by Haseman (1907). To attain certainty a 
number of the adults were sent to Dr. Banks for examination. 
Dr. Banks identified them as P. cinerea Banks. This determina- 
tion was questioned because of certain differences between speci- 
mens and descriptions. To which Dr. Banks replied: “I have 
compared the specimens with my Psychoda cinerea and see no 
differences; in my specimens, which are dry, the antennae are 
very hairy, and I cannot see how many joints there are, and I 
may have made a mistake in counting them in my original 
description.” 
The number of antennal joints originally cited for P. cinerea 
is fifteen. An examination of 12 males and 12 females taken at 
random shows sixteen joints in all antennae. It is this point 
which led to determination as P. elegans. 
Relative to the suggestion that P. elegans and P. cinerea are 
identical Dr. Banks states the following: “I do not know elegans, 
but judge it is a more slender-winged species, and that it is more 
marked than cinerea to be called elegans. It is some years since 
1 worked over these forms.” 
The differences given by Haseman (1907) are: “ Antennal 
joints sixteen; length of antennae one and one-half times the 
width of the wing (P. elegans) .” As just stated, the first 
character — antennal joint sixteen — is shown to be identical 
in P. cinerea. The second character relative to proportional 
length of antennae may be applied equally well to the specimens 
of P. cinerea. 
Another character given for P. cinerea is, “Wings at least 
2 mm. long.” The wing length in the bred material is subject 
to considerable variation. If anything, the average length of 
the wings of this forn} is considerably less than 2 mm. In some 
