1915] 
Cahn: Ecology of Wingra Springs Region 
137 
as set forth in the preceding paragraph. Practically all of 
the frogs are found here, but the leopard frog is by far the most 
abundant at any and all times of the year. Save for an occa- 
sional painted turtle, reptiles are lacking. 
Among the most conspicuous of the great number of birds 
found in this society are the red-winged blackbird, long- and 
Fig. 4. The Stream Choked with Water-cress. 
short-billed marsh wrens, and the Virginia and sora rails, while 
characteristic also, though to a less extent, are the short-eared 
owl, the swamp sparrow, and the marsh hawk. 
2. The Ccrnus, or Dogwood-Thicket Society. This society 
exists as islands in the sea formed by the Spartina society. 
The largest area of this society is that extending from the 
