AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF LAKE BUTTE DES MORTS 
BOG, OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN 
By Olive V. Andrews 
Introduction 196 
Physiographic Features of Lake Region 197 
Description of Bog 198 
Annotated List of Animal Species on Area Studied 200 
Everyday Life on the Bog 204 
Animal Life on a Small Section of the Bog 205 
Summary 211 
Bibliography 211 
INTRODUCTION 
In this investigation the attempt has been to study ecological 
conditions on a small area of boggy, or swampy, land ; particular 
reference being given to the animals. 
Lake Butte des Morts was chosen as typical, mainly on ac- 
count of the large size of the bog along its shores, and on account 
of its accessibility to the city of Oshkosh. The bog selected for 
this work is on the southwestern side of the lake, and is smaller 
than the one on the east — the latter being chiefly “floating bog.” 
The data for the paper were gathered during the months of 
July and August, 1914, though the author had previously been 
familiar with this area, and had a general knowledge of its flora 
and fauna. Careful notes were taken concerning the location of 
the animals, their habitat preferences, periods of activity, tem- 
peratures of water and air, direction of wind, and other points of 
interest. The survey was wholly macroscopic and no attempt was 
made to collect protozoans, or other minute organisms. The 
chief tools employed were pencil, note book, camera, insect nets, 
spade, collecting jars, and a thermometer. Specimens were pre- 
served for future identification in alcohol or formalin. Detailed 
observations were made at one station only. 
Thanks are due to the following persons who were kind enough 
196 
