ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY* * * § MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
61 
periphery of the hymenium ; but in certain cases young basids also ap- 
pear in the more central region between the older ones. The formation 
of the peridium commences by the differentiation of the apical cells of 
the older chains of spores, advancing from the centre towards the peri- 
phery. The author found two nuclei, not only in the spores, but also 
in all the other parts of the eecidia, in the hyphse, the peridia, and the 
pseudo-parenchyme of the early stage ; in the spores three nuclei were 
sometimes observed. 
Parasites of the Uredineae.* — M. Sappin-Trouffy describes two spe- 
cies of fungus-parasites found on the Uredinese : — Tubercularia persicina t 
on the aecidia of a number of different species ; and Darluca Jilum , on 
uredospores and teleutospores of species of Puccinia. 
Puccinia graminis.f — Pursuing his investigations on the various 
forms of this parasite, Herr J. Eriksson finds that their mcidium-stages 
on Berber is and 3Iahonia are distinct, as well as their teleuto- and uredo- 
stages. Although the Berberis may bear a number of different mcidium- 
forms, each one can, as a rule, give rise only to its special teleuto- or 
uredofform, and can therefore infect only those species of grass on which 
it grows. The forms previously described as ff. Airse, Pose, and Agros - 
tidis appear to be quite innocuous to corn-crops. 
Auricularia auriculae- Judse 4 — M. Sappin-Trouffy describes the struc- 
ture and development of this fungus (popularly known as Jew’s-ear or 
Judas’s-ear), which he regards as forming a link between the Uredineas 
and the Protobasidiomycetes. The basids are septated transversely, the 
probasid being homologous to the teleutospore of a Goleosporium ; the 
promycele is formed within it. 
Ringworm Fungi.§ — Drs. T. C. Fox and F. R. Blaxall have made a 
conjoint inquiry into the plurality of fungi causing ringworm in human 
beings, as met with in London. The authors’ work was carried out on 
lines similar to those of Sabouraud, of whose observations the present 
researches are both a confirmation and a criticism. Sabouraud divided 
ringworms into microsporous and macrosporous. The latter were fur- 
ther subdivided into Trichophyton megalosporon endothrix and Tr. meg . 
ectothrix , or rather endo-ectothrix. The ectothrix ringworms were stated 
to be of animal origin. In London, from 80-90 per cent, of ringworms 
were found to be due to microsporcn ; those due to endothrix were about 
4 per cent. (14 in all) and the remainder to ectothrix. The chief points 
in which the authors differ from Sabouraud are that eircinate lesions of 
the glabrous skin accompany the invasion of the hairy scalp by micro- 
spora much more frequently than Sabouraud allows. They do not agree 
with Sabouraud as to the arrangement of the mycele in hairs invaded by 
microspera. They find his descriptions to be incomplete in many respects, 
and that he is too dogmatic on many points. In the Ectothrix Tricho- 
plytci they find that the hairs themselves are very often implicated. 
* Le Botaniste (Dangenrd), y. (1896) pp. 44-52 (2 figs.). 
t Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. (Pfeffer u. Strasburger), xxix. (1896)’pp. 499-524. Cf. this. 
Journal, 1895, p. 209. 
% Le Botaniste (Dangeard), v. (1896) pp. 53-8 (4 figs.). 
§ Brit. Journ. Dermatol., viii. (1896) pp. 241-55, 291-308, 337-59, 377-84 
(11 pis.). 
