ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 197 
Red Blood-Corpus sles.* * * § — Dr. E. Giglio-Tos distinguishes four kinds 
of red blood-corpuscles in Vertebrates : — 
(1) Primitive erythrocytes , as seen in earliest development. 
(2) Granular erythrocytes , as seen in the lamprey throughout life, 
and in embryonic or larval life in other Vertebrates. These are spherical 
cells with membrane and nucleus, with protoplasm rich in haemoglobin, 
and with a certain number of granules or drops of haemoglobigenous 
substance (of nuclear origin). 
(3) Nucleated ringed erythrocytes ; lenticular elliptical biconvex cells, 
with a median nucleus surrounded by a stratum of haemoglobigenous 
substance. Around this central mass is a ring of elastic substance con- 
taining the haemoglobin. These occur in Sauropsida and Ichthyopsida, 
except in the lamprey. 
(4) Non-nucleated ringed erythrocytes ; circular or elliptical discs, in 
which the haemoglobigenous substance forms a single central mass, around 
which there is a ring of elastic substance containing the haemoglobin. 
Behaviour of Leucocytes in Injured Cornea.f — Prof. L. Ranvier 
describes the role of the leucocytes in the reparation of an injured 
cornea. As he says, he has previously discussed the migration, nutrition, 
transporting power, and dissolution of these cells ; as indeed others have 
done. He objects to the term phagocytes, for that is only a new name 
for familiar elements, and he objects to that emphasis on phagocytosis 
which loses sight of the fact that all cells may in certain conditions 
take in solid particles. He insists on the important role which the 
leucocytes play in supplying nutritive material to the tissues, and on 
the view that inflammation is a return to embryonic conditions. 
Muscle-Fibres.J — Prof. R. Marchesini discusses the structure and 
development of muscle-fibres in a variety of types. Whether smooth 
or striped, the muscle-fibre results from the union of embryonic cells 
(caroblasts), which remain in their primitive state in the smooth fibres, 
and are transformed into fibrils in the striped. The difference in the 
structure of the so-called two kinds is wholly due to the degree of 
development. 
Peritoneal Ostioles.§ — M. J. J. Andeer maintains that the peri- 
toneum of the frog, &c., has a fine gauze-like structure, being studded 
with minute pores or ostioles, which are important both physiologically 
and pathologically. As he says, they have hitherto escaped the observa- 
tion of histologists. 
Suprarenal Capsules. || — Mr. Swale Vincent concludes that the 
suprarenal capsule of Mammals corresponds to two distinct glands in 
Elasmobranchs, the medulla corresponding in structure and function to 
the “paired segmental” suprarenal bodies, while the cortex corresponds 
to the interrenal body. In Teleosteans, and probably in Ganoids, the 
suprarenal bodies (“ corpuscles of Stannius ”) consist entirely of cortical 
substance, and correspond to the interrenal of Elasmobranchs. 
* Anat. Anzeig., xiii. (1897) pp. 97-109. Atti K. Accad. Sci. Torino, xxxii.. 
(1897) pp. 237-9. t Comptes Kendus, cxxiv. (1897) pp. 386-91. 
X Toll. Soc. Kom. Stud. Zool., v. (1896) pp. 198-210. 
§ Comptes Kendus, cxxiv. (1897) pp. 577-80. 
11 Proc. Koy. Soc., lxi. (1897) pp. 61-73. 
