ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICBOSCOPY, ETC. 
231 
as is the case with most sclerotes. A high temperature is not required 
for their germination, if the air is sufficiently moist. 
White-Rot of the Vine.* * * § — M. P. Viala has followed out the produc- 
tion of the hitherto unobserved spermogones and conidiophores, as well 
as the pycnids and peritheces, of Charrinia Diplodiella , the fungus which 
produces the white-rot of the vine. 
“Leprosy” of the Beet. — M. P. Vuilleminf differs altogether from 
the conclusion of Saccardo and Mattirolo as to the systematic position of 
the parasitic fungus which produces this disease, and which they name 
(Edomyces leproides , and place near to Entyloma among the Ustilaginese. 
The author states the disease to be due to a well-known species of 
Chytridiacea3, CladocJiytrium pulposum, which infests many species of 
Chenopodiaceae. 
In another notej the same author points out the remarkable re- 
semblance in appearance of the protoplasm of the nutritive apparatus of 
the Cladochyirium to the striated muscular fibres of animals. 
Prof. P. Magnus § regards the fungus as belonging to the genus 
TJrophlyctis (Chytridiaceae). The spores are formed by the conjugation 
of two cells arising from different filaments. 
Cell-membrane of Lichens.|| — According to Herr F. Escombe, the 
membrane of the hyphae of Cetraria islandica , after the extraction of 
oils, colouring matter, astringent substances, lichenin, &c., consists 
mainly of an insoluble anhydride of galactose, which the author terms 
paragalactan. No chitin or cellulose could be detected. The membrane 
of Peltigera canina contains no cellulose, but apparently a small amount 
of chitin. The algal cells of Evernia prunastri contain cellulose. 
Minks’s Lichen-Theory .If — Sig. A. Jatta criticises, on the whole 
favourably, Minks’s theories of syntrophy and protrophy in lichens. 
Although restricted in their influence, the phenomena belonging to them 
are among the most important in the life-history of lichens. 
Roccellese.** — Herr 0. V. Darbishire gives a monograph of this tribe 
of the Graphidaceae, a family of fruticose lichens. He classifies them 
under eight genera, viz. : — Boccella with twelve species ; and seven 
monotypic genera, Pentagenella g. n., Combea , Schizopelte , DendrograpJia , 
Boccellaria g. n., Dictyographa g. n., and Ingaderia g. n. 
The following are the diagnoses of the new genera : — 
Pentagenella. Thallus fruticulosus, strato corticali distincto con- 
glutinatis ex hyphis formato transversalibus, strato gonidiali et strato 
medullari stuppeo ; apothecia lateralia, orbicularia, hypothecio et peri- 
thecio decolorato, amphithecio thallino gonidia continente, intra hypo- 
fheeium strato gonidiali instructa, sporis decoloribus ; soralia nulla. 
* Comptes Rendus, exxiv. (1897) pp. 105-6. Cf. this Journal, 1895, p. 209. 
t Comptes Rendus, cxxiii. (1896) pp. 758-9 ; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xliii. (1896) 
pp. 497-505. % Comptes Rendus, exxiv. (1897) pp. 905-7. 
§ Ann. Bot., xi. (1897) pp. 87-96 (2 pis.). 
il Zeit. Phys. Chem., xxii. (1896) pp. 288-306. See Journ. Chem. Soc., 1897, 
Abstr., p. 155. Cf. this Journal, 1896, p. 656. 
f Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1896, pp. 255-60, 315-21; 1897, pp. 12-18. Cf. this 
Journal, 1896, p. 439. 
** Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xv. (1897) pp. 2-10 (1 pi.). 
