ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
297 
of the incrustations which mask the animal. The question whether the 
anchors may have a defensive function is left open. 
New Zealand Holothurians.* — Prof. A. Dendyhas re-examined the 
majority of the already known species of New Zealand Holothurians, 
especially with regard to the hitherto almost entirely unknown internal 
anatomy aud spiculation. Four new species are described: — Cucumaria 
Huttoni , ColocJiirus ocnoides , G. calcarea, and Psolus macquariensis ; and 
some corrections in the position of other forms have been made. The 
number of known species of New Zealand Holothurians stands now at 
17, but four are doubtful, aud two were obtained from deep water. It 
is remarkable that three of the New Zealand species, viz. Cucumaria 
Buttoni , ColocJiirus alba , and C. ocnoides, are provided with overlapping 
dermal plates, a condition which elsewhere does not appear to be at 
all common w 7 ith the group. An interesting anatomical result is that 
Chirodota dunedinensis (probably identical with the 4 Challenger ’ Ch. 
australiana ) is shown to be unisexual, as opposed to the hermaphrodite 
condition supposed to be characteristic of the genus. A little-known 
type of spicule is described in a species of Stichopus ; and some appa- 
rently new facts concerning the structure and development of the 
wheels of Chirodota are stated. 
Ccelentera. 
Classification of Antipatharia.| — Dr. L. S. Schultze proposes the 
following classification, differing in its general arrangement from that 
of Brook, which is duly discussed. 
Family Antipathidae Yerrill (em. Brook). 
I. Sub- family : Dodekamerota (with 12 chambers). 
Leiopathes Gray. 
II. Sub-family: Dekamerota (with 10 chambers) (em. Br.). 
1st Tribe, without peristomial folds. 
1. Subtribe Crustosae, free only at ends. 
Savagliopsis. 
2. Subtribe Ramosae Br. (excl. Leiopathes'), free 
and branched. 
Antipathes Pall. (em. Schultze). 
Aphanipathes Br. 
Par antipathes Br. 
3. Subtribe Indivisae, free and unbranched. 
Cirripathes Blainv. (em. Br.). 
Stichopathes Br. 
2nd Tribe, with two peristomial folds. 
Schizopathes Br. 
Bathybathes Br. 
Taxipathes Br. 
III. Sub-family ; Hexamerota (with six chambers). 
Cladopathes Br. 
The author discusses the possible relations of Antipatharia to 
Actiniae, the genera of Ramosae, and the spines of the skeletal axis. He 
* Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), xxvi. (1897) pp. 22-52 (5 pis.), 
t Abh. Senckenberg. Nat. Gesellsch., xxiii. (1896) pp. 1-39 (1 pi.). 
