ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
315 
Muscineae. 
Archegone of Muscineae.* — M. L. A. Gayot regards the archegone of 
the Muscineae as altogether homologous with the same organ in the 
Vascular Cryptogams, and gives the following results of observations on 
its embryogeny. 
The archegone of the Hepaticae developes not only by intercalary, 
but also by terminal growth. In the Musci this terminal growth con- 
tributes greatly to the elongation of the female axis. The canal-cells are 
not derived from the terminal cell, either in the Hepaticae or in the 
Mosses. The neck-canal-cells always have the same origin, viz. an 
initial detached from the mother-cell of the oosphere. The mode of 
development of the archegone differs in the Anthoceroteae from that in 
the other families of Muscineae. The archegone of the Sphaerocarpeae has 
brows of neck-cells, as in the Jungermannieae ; they are sessile, like 
those of the Riccieae. The pedicel cell is but little developed in the 
Targionieae, indicating a passage from the Riccieae to the Marchantieae. 
The archegone of the Targionieae is asymmetrical, like that of the Sphaero- 
carpeae and of many Marchantieae. In the Marchantieae the number of 
neck-canal-cells is 8, not 4. In Marchantia it is possible for the ventral 
canal-cell to be impregnated. In the thallose Jungermannieae the neck 
of the archegone has as often 6 rows of cells as 5. In the Sphagnaceae 
the ventral portion of the archegone has not always 4 layers of cells ; 
the neck has usually only a single layer, except in its lowest portion. 
The archegone of Anthoceros has 4 canal-cells. 
In the dioecious Muscineae, the tufts of male and female plants are 
often at considerable distances from one another, fecundation being 
effected by animals. 
Ochrobryum.f — M. E. Bescherelle gives a monograph of this genus 
of Leucobryaceae, with the following diagnosis : — Theca in pedunculo 
brevissimo immersa, hemisplierica, cyathiformis ; operculo e basi conica 
longe subulato, rostrato ; peristomio nullo ; calyptra longissime anguste 
subulata, basi lacera laciniis breviter fimbriatis. Sixteen species are 
described, of which seven are new, from Asia, Africa, and America. 
Gyrothyra, a new Genus of Hepaticae.f — Under this name Mr. M. 
A. Howe describes a new genus from California, nearly related to Nardia, 
with the following diagnosis. Stem creeping, foliose, somewhat branched. 
Leaves succubous ; under-leaves free, bifid ; walls of the leaf -cells with 
triangular thickenings at the angles, Antherids shortly stalked, in 
the axils of smaller saccate leaves, forming short median or at first 
terminal spikes. Involucral leaves in 2-4 pairs. Perianth terminal, 
confluent for half its length or more with the bases of the involucral 
leaves, the greater part of the calyptra, and the tissues of the stem, to 
form a thick-walled perigyne, with a small bulbous or saccate base. 
Perigyne erect or ascending, making, when mature, nearly a right 
angle with the stem. Capsule cylindrical, long-exserted, dehiscing 
spirally by four very long and slender valves; capsule-valves of two 
* Comptes Rendus, cxxiv. (1897) pp. 781-5. 
f Journ. de Bot. (Morot), xi. (1897) pp. 138-53 (7 fig 3 .). 
X Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxiv. (1897) pp. 201-5 (2 pis.). 
