ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
419 
as the zygosperms. The phenomenon of conjugation is thus held to be a 
matter of secondary importance, "and not sexually significant in the group. 
Two new species of Mucor are described, M. rigidus, and M. rubescens 
with bright red sporanges. 
MucorSagglomeratus sp. n.* * * § — Herr. W. Schostakowitsch finds a new 
species of Mucor in putrid milk in Siberia. On bread it forms very dense 
greyish tufts, in which the much-branched sporangiophores are so 
densely crowded as to be indistinguishable by the naked eye. Each 
sporangiophore ends in a sporange, and the latter are also collected in 
nearly sessile clusters on lateral branches. 
Entomogenous Fungi.f — Mr. J. G. 0. Tepper enumerates the ento- 
mogenous fungi natives of Australia, all belonging to the genus Cordiceps. 
Thirteen species have been described, of which G. Gunnii is the most 
widely diffused. The species of larva which they attack are at present 
entirely unknown. 
Geoglossese.J — Mr. G. Massee gives a monograph of this family of 
the Discomycetes, consisting of the eight genera Geoglossum, Spatliularia, 
Vibrissea, Mitrula , Leotia , Spragueola , Hemiglossum , and Neolecta. The 
family is thus defined: — Ascophore stipitate, erect, aseigerous portion 
terminal, clavate, spathulate, or pileate ; asci elongated, narrowly clavate, 
eight-spored, dehiscing by an apical pore ; spores coloured or hyaline, 
septate or continuous; paraphyses present. Of Massee’s own genus 
Spragueola , the following diagnosis is given : — Ascophore sessile, sub- 
globose, irregularly nodulose, glabrous, solid, hymenium covering the 
whole surface, attached to the substratum by radiating mycelium ; asci 
narrowly cylindric-clavate, apex slightly truncate or obtuse, pore blue 
with iodine ; spores eight, obliquely 1-seriate, continuous, hyaline, 
smooth, elliptical ; paraphyses slender, septate. 
The author considers the family as most nearly allied to the 
Bulgarieae ; but there is an affinity with the Pezizese through Helotium t 
and with the Helvelleae through Verpa. 
Development of the Tuberaceae. § — Herr. F. Bucholtz traces in detail 
the development of Tuber excavatum , belonging to the subgenus Aschion. 
He finds that it has a gymnocarpous origin, the hymenium becoming 
enclosed only in the course of its development. This establishes the 
close relationship of the subgenus to the genera Stephensia , Pachy- 
phloeus, and Genea , and renders highly probable the affinity of the 
Eutuberineae to the gymnocarpous Helvellaceae. Two isolated hyphal 
systems are present in the receptacle of Tuber excavatum , one of them 
ascogenous, the other resinigerous, indicating the great internal differ- 
entiation of the Tuberaceae. Similar resin-hyphae were found also in 
Hymenogaster decorus , confirming the view already put forward || of the 
parallelism of the two families Tuberaceae and Gasteromycetes. 
* Ber. Deutscli. Bot. Gesell., xv. (1897) pp. 226-8 (1 pi.), 
f Bot. Centralbl., lxx. (1897) pp. 305-7. 
x Ann. of Bot., xi. (1897) pp. 225-306 (2 pis.). 
§ Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xv. (1897) pp. 211-26 (1 pi.). 
J| Cf. this Journal, ante, p. 153. 
