ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
573 
Congenital Tuberculosis in the Calf.* * * § — Herr Lohoff examined a 
three weeks old calf, and found tuberculous deposits in the portal glands, 
liver, bronchial, and mediastinal glands, heart-muscle, and in the right 
kidney. Tubercle bacilli were easily demonstrated. The case is note- 
worthy, inasmuch as it shows that the virus was introduced through the 
blood circulation, and also that the lymphatic glands were infected 
secondarily. 
Human Tuberculosis in the Pigeon.f — M. J. Auclair made experi- 
ments to ascertain whether the pigeon, like the domestic fowl, is refractory 
to human tuberculosis, in what organs the tubercle bacillus is localised, 
and how long approximately it retains its vitality in the body of the 
pigeon. Three pigeons were intraperitoneally inoculated with pure 
cultures of human tubercle. The birds died in from 1-3^ months 
without any indication of tuberculosis. In a second series pigeons were 
intraperitoneally infected with human tubercle, and killed at intervals of 
of 6, 7, and 14 days. Guinea-pigs were inoculated in the peritoneal sac 
with the blood, liver, and lungs of these birds. Some of the guinea-pigs 
died without any tuberculous phenomena, but two, which were infected 
from the lungs and liver, died of local tuberculosis ; in one, the large 
omentum was studded with tuberculous glands, and in the second there 
was tuberculosis of the testicles. The author concludes that pigeons 
intraperitoneally infected with human tubercle die without tuberculous 
changes. The bacilli are chiefly located in the liver and lungs, never 
in the blood. Tubercle bacilli passed through the pigeon evoke in 
guinea-pigs a slowly developing local tuberculosis. 
Differential Diagnosis of Leprosy and Tubercle Bacilli.^ — Accord- 
ing to Herr Spiegel, a comparison between film preparations and sections 
of organs of cases of leprosy and tuberculosis reveals the following 
differences. The leprosy bacilli are always present in much greater 
numbers, and they are heaped up together in little bundles, while the 
tubercle bacilli are less frequent, are irregularly distributed, and rarely 
occur in bundles. The rodlet of lepra is straighter and plumper than that 
of the tubercle, which is curved and thin. The lepra bend is angular, 
and that of the tubercle bacillus is curved. The granules of leprosy are 
coarse, and lie far apart ; those of tubercle are fine and lie close together. 
Fattiness of Lepra and Tubercle Bacilli.§ — According to Unna, 
not only lepra, but also tubercle bacilli, contain a considerable quantity 
of fat, and this was determined in the following way : — Fresh glycerin- 
agar cultures of tubercle bacilli were immersed for a whole night in Flem- 
ming’s solution, and when washed with water, the black bacillary over- 
lay showed up on a white ground. On blood-serum the cultures did not 
show up so well, owing to the brownish background. If a culture be kept 
in cold ether or alcohol for 24 hours, it becomes almost as black as a fresh 
* Zeitschr. f. Fleisch- und Milch-Hygiene, 1897, p. 163. See Centralbl. Bakt. 
u. Par., l‘° Abt., xxi. (1897) p. 883. 
t Arch. Med. Exp. et Anat. Pathol., ix. (1897) p. 277. See Centralbl. Bakt. u. 
Par.. l ta Abt., xxii. (1897) pp. 16-7. 
I Monatshefte f. Prakt. Dermatol., xxiii. (1896) p. 221, See Centralbl. Bakt. u. 
Par., l ta Abt., xxi. (1897) pp. 817-8. 
§ Deutsche Medizinal-Zeitung, 1896, Nos. 99 and 100. See Centralbl. Bakt. u. 
Par., l la Abt., xxi. (1897) pp. 938-9. 
