NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 205 
other sportsmen,* and two or three sporting camps, reached 
by roads from the Miramichi, now stand in good places along 
the stream. While a remarkably good trout river, especially 
in its upper course, it has never been, according to local report, 
good for salmon, those fish not being partial to such dark waters 
as it possesses. Only a single mention of the river occurs in the 
Reports of the Geological Survey, and that a brief mention of 
glacial striae by Chalmers in his Report for 1895, M, 60, though 
there is considerable additional information, which must have 
been added by him as result of a visit, upon the Surface Geology 
map. The structural geology is correctly laid down, as 
Carboniferous sandstones throughout the entire course and 
watershed of the river, upon the geological map. though 
apparently no geologist had previously visited it. Finally, 
the latest point of interest in its history is the construction across 
it, near its head, of the new Transcontinental Railway, now 
nearing completion. 
So much for the history of Cains River so far as man is 
concerned. We turn now to an account of its geographical 
evolution. The river rises on the Carboniferous plateau inter- 
locking with branches of the Nashwaak, as shown by the map. 
At the pleasant low upland bank, (The Meadows), where the 
Zionville portage reaches it, the stream comes winding out of 
an extensive meadow lying in a large basin in a very open country. 
This basin is not, however, on the very surface of the plateau, 
since one descends a good deal from the Nashwaak watershed 
to reach it. Cains River is here a small narrow dark stream, 
easily navigable for canoes in high water such as we had, though 
in ordinarylow summerwater it is too shallow for such navigation. 
It runs northeast as a pleasing little stream, though long still- 
waters broken by short reaches of quickwater or gentle ripples 
between pretty banks of intervale, meadow and low upland 
*There is a brief mention of a hunting trip to the river by Dashwood, in his very interesting 
book Chiploquorgan (page 119). An account of a trip by a fishing party down the river is in 
Forest and Stream, May 3, 1902, 345; a narrative of a hunting trip to Muzroll Lake (“Maswell 
Pond*’) is in the same journal for October 7, 1905, 293. Another account is in the National 
Sportsman, XII,, 1904, 314, and another in more detail, is said to be promised for an early 
number, 
