406 
BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
I thought it interesting that, though in a small way, yet very 
clearly, a pressure and movement in the earth’s crust was here 
shown to be still in operation, which has during past ages resulted 
in the crumpling and bending of the earth’s crust to form on the 
one hand mountain ranges with parallel ridges and valleys, and 
on the other hand elevated plateaus and areas of depression. 
About St. John we see evidence of the extreme movement hi 
the upturned and folded strata on which the city rests. That 
movement has occurred here in comparatively recent times was 
shown by Dr. G. F. Matthew in describing some faults or dis- 
placements in the rocks of the Hospital Hill which must have 
occurred since the Glacial Period. 
The shrinkage, through cooling, of the Earth’s mass and con- 
sequent settlement of the crust of the Earth, is the primary cause 
of these movements and it produces great lateral pressure in the 
rock strata which is noticeable in the movement of the rock in the 
Stonehaven quarry when the pressure is relieved by cutting 
through the strata. 
In Ohio a level formation is found similar to that in the New 
Brunswick coal measures and whereas the amount of stone of 
quality suitable for grindstones is large, it is exceptional to find 
areas where the beds contain blocks of sufficient size to be used 
for that purpose. 
Where the strata are level and near the surface, the quarry- 
men claim that they can tell where to look for stone as the ground 
is generally low and swampy where the most numerous fractures 
have occurred, and higher and firmer where the best beds may 
be expected. 
At Stonehaven the valuable bed lies with its length parallel to 
the shore and in an easterly and westerly direction. 
The northern side of the bed forms the bottom of, and thins 
out under, the Bay Chaleur, and thus the pressure here is relieved 
and, as might be expected, the chief movement is seen when cuts 
are made across the length of the bed, or in a direction perpen- 
dicular to the shore. In other words the pressure upon the sand- 
stones at Stonehaven is onlv observable as coming from the E. 
N. E., that is from the direction of the mouth of the Bay Chaleu", 
