BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
426 
ask where was the ancient one, that which existed when the 
Northumbrian valleys were first formed? This I believe ran 
about as described in my Note on the Fundian rivers, namely in 
a line of hills (the ‘‘Old Eastern Watershed”), of which rem- 
nants still exist, extending from near Gape Wolf on the Bay 
of Fundy, northwesterly across the head of Grand Lake, and be- 
tween the Nashwaak and Taxes to join the Central Highlands. 
Certainly all the facts known to me in connection with this sub- 
ject seem to accord with this explanation. The ancient North- 
umbian valleys, therefore, would have headed on this Old Eastern 
Watershed ; they extended northeastward including some 
branches of the St. John and all of our present North Shore 
rivers of this group; while they no doubt in part crossed North- 
umberland Strait and Prince Edward Island, the inlets of which 
match well with the continuations of our rivers. Between these 
valleys are the ancient ridges of erosion, parallel with the 
valleys, and manifesting themselves on the coast as the various 
projecting and more or less elevated headlands, some of which 
can be seen to match with the! elevated and wider parts of Prince 
Edward Island. 
We consider now the valleys of this group in order. Mv 
explanation of their courses is chiefly based on cartography, sup- 
plemented by information from other sources; it is not worked 
out upon the ground.* But the homologies seem so clear, and all 
the facts known to me so consistently in agreement, that I have 
no question as to its correctness in general, though I may be 
wrong in many details. A careful study on the ground will un- 
doubtedly show the influence of glaciation in modifying details 
of the river courses, but the greater features of the rivers must 
depend upon other causes. 
i. The Shedian Valley. This is the least distinct of thie series, but all 
consideiations of homology and cartographical evidence seem to indicate 
that the present upper part of the Petitcodiac formerly continued its 
*In fact this country is all of such low relief, has suffered erosion of its 
soft rocks for so long a time, and is mostly so densely forested, that the 
tracing of ancient valleys by other than cartographical evidence will offer 
great practical difficulties. 
