NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK 
433 
Grand Falls. Thence, I think, it flowed, parallel with the valleys south 
of it, across to the Pokeshaw, which now runs in a remarkably trough- 
valley parallel to the coast-. 
17. The Pabinean Valley. Headed in the upper part of 40-mile Brook, 
pontinuing across to Niine-mile Brook, bending in the latter to enter the 
Pabineau, which perhaps at first crossed to near Salmon Beach, but early 
formed the lower course of the present Nepisiguit. 
Northward of this valley traces of the same arrangement, in- 
cluding the bends (now less marked because these rivers radiate 
from the highlands rather to the east than the southeast), may 
be seen in Little River, Middle River, the Tetagouche and others 
nearly to Belledune. Their lower courses no doubt flowed north- 
easterly over a plain of Carboniferous rocks now replaced by Bay 
Chaleur. North of the source of the Tetagouche, however, the 
crystalline Highlands come to an end, though an extension of 
them in Silurian rocks forms that notable swelling into Bay 
Chaleur centering in Belledune. North of Belledune the rivers 
all belong to the Laurentian system, later to be considered. 
94. The Physiographic Characteristics of the Tracadie 
River. 
Read December 5, 1905. 
In the northeastern section of New Brunswick are several 
considerable rivers, the Tabusintac, Tracadie, Pokemouche and 
Caraquet, about which hardly a word is to be found in all our 
scientific literature. Yet these streams are of great interest, not 
only for what they actually are, but also for their bearing upon 
the most important and alluring problem in all the physiography 
of this province, the mode of evolution of its three great primal 
river systems. It was therefore with the keenest delight I was 
able to study the principal one of the series, the Big Tracadie, 
during a canoe trip* from near its head to its mouth in August 
*1 was accompanied by my friend, Professor A. H. Pierce. We were 
portaged from Bathurst via the Bass River and portage roads 'to the mouth 
of the South Branch. I discovered too. late for a change of plan that we 
might have descended the river with no great difficulty from near its 
source, where it ciosses tihe portage road. 
