450 
BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
of which the island is a center, and farming a little incidentally* 
They are a simple, healthy, and hospitable people.. 
Miscou owes its existence to the fact that this part of New 
Brunswick consists of a series of ancient, low northeast-southwest 
ridges and valleys, most elevated to the southwest and dipping 
under the sea to the northeast. The central one of these eleva- 
tions (Note 93), probably the crest of an anticline, is the highest, 
and hence remains longest above the sea-surface, forming the 
long projection which makes the northeastern angle of the 
Province. Because of local irregularities this ridge shows as a 
series of islands just before it vanishes entirely, Miseou being the 
last of the series. Miscou itself indeed is not a single island but 
several, joined by bars and bogs. Miscou Harbour, deepening 
westward, originated no doubt as an ancient valley tributary to 
one of the great rivers which once flowed along our present Bav 
Chaleur. 
Centering our attention now upon the island itself, we find 
that it consists essentially of three larger, with several outlying 
smaller tracts of wooded upland, swelling gently and irregularly 
above a shallow sea. These upland tracts endlose, roughly, a tri- 
angle, and, joined together by festooning bars and beaches which 
widen in places to plains, they encircle lagoons and lakes 
with moor and salt marsh. We therefore have to consider, the 
upland, the beaches and sand plains, the bog-barrens, and the salt 
marshes. 
The outlines, positions, and mutual relations of the tracts of 
upland are well indicated by the accompanying map, on which 
their outlines, while mostly merely from sketches, are yet, I be- 
lieve, approximately correct. The highest points of the respective 
tracts, which in no case exceed 30 or 35 feet above high-tide 
level, are approximately indicated on the map. Their surfaces 
are gently and smoothly undulating, and, except where cut into 
cliffs by the encroaching sea, dip imperceptibly under water, 
beach, marsh or barren. They were originally, and are still in 
part, wooded with a small-sized mixed forest. Doubtless each 
possesses a core of rock, but I was able to find it in only two 
places, both on the larger southwestern tract. The most im- 
