BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY 
460 
1 hey are some 20 or 25 feet high, of pure rolling sand, and are 
overwhelming the old forests formerly standing there. 
\\ e turn now to the consideration of the great moors or bogs, 
or, as the residents call them, barrens. They cover well-nigh half 
of the area of the island, filling in the space enclosed by the 
tracts of upland, and lie to some extent beneath the beaches out- 
side them. They are as typical and finely developed raised bogs 
or Hochmoore as it would be possible to find, resembling physical- 
ly and ecologically those I have described from Charlotte County.* 
Because of their greater extent they show more fully the hoch- 
moor characters than do the Charlotte moors. Every gradation 
in structure is presented, from the typical flat bog (Flachmoor), 
luavily wooded and verging to swamp, on the western side of the 
island (especially in the ang es both north and south of Eel Brook), 
up to the raised, treeless, pond-dotted Hochmoors of the central 
and eastern parts. Here they form low elevations, rounded hills 
or ridges with intervening hollows and valleys, the whole simu- 
lating curiously, especially when tiny ribs or deadwater streams 
occupy the valleys, the topography of a country of ripe and low 
relief. At the highest parts the mosses seem dead, but about the 
ponds they are still in growth. Ihe basis of the moor is of 
course sundry species of sphagnum, forming typical rounded 
hummocks and polsters, on which grow the dwarfed Myrica, 
Ledum, Vaccinium, Rhodora, Kalrnia glauca and other heaths 
with the various associates usual upon New Brunswick raised 
bogs. Scattered about are the litde is'ands of dwarfed spruce 
and the many ponds and lakes. These ponds are of all sizes from 
little pools that one can almost leap across up to the large Lake 
Chenire and Big Lake, lakes of apparent considerable depth, the 
latter nearly three miles in circumference. They stand also at all 
levels, from those near the highest part of the bog, down to Big 
Lake and Lake Chenire, not much above the level of the sea ; and 
it often happens, as on other moors, that two lakes but a few 
yards apart differ several feet in level. All these characteristics 
however are common to all hochmoors and need no special 
description here. There is however a striking peculiarity of Big 
*In Transactions Royal Soaiety Canada. III., 1897. 
