ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
483 
receptacles, although these attempts arc here frustrated by the great 
strength and thickness of the ovary-wall. 
Fertilization of Scrophulariacese.* * * § — rrof. E. Warming describes 
the mode of fertilization in the Greenland species of Scrophulariacem, 
especially those belonging to the genera Veronica, Pedicularis, Phinanthus , 
Partsia , and Euphrasia. In Pedicularis we find every gradation between 
species with horizontal lower lip to the corolla, like P. flammea, 
adapted for self-fertilization, and species with oblique lower lip, like 
P. lapponica, adapted for cross-fertilization. All the Greenland and 
Iceland species of Euphrasia are self-fertilized. 
Fertilization of the Grape-vine.f — Dr. M. Kronfeld states that, 
although the cultivated grape-vine is usually anemophilous, yet that, 
under certain conditions, it is fertilized by honey-bees, especially when 
there is in the same neighbourhood an abundance of other plants which 
are visited by bees. 
Trimorphism of Scabiosa succisa4 — Mr. A. Turner points out the 
existence of three distinct forms of this common British plant, viz. : — 
(1) hermaphrodite; (2) and (3) two different female forms, differing 
from one another remarkably in the size of the capitula and of the 
flowers, the arrangement of the flowers on the receptacle, the colour of 
the corolla, and the presence or absence upon it of stellate hairs, and 
especially in one having a perfectly straight and the other a much bent 
style. He further describes the mode in which this trimorphism assists 
in crossing by insects. 
Pollination of Eryngium and Cakile.§ — Herr P. Kunth describes 
the mode of pollination of Eryngium maritimum and Cakile maritima . 
Both are habitually cross-fertilized, though the latter may also be self- 
fertilized. The former is strongly proterandrous, and is effectively 
protected against the visits of intruding insects by its spiny foliage and 
involucre. The pollinating insects are Hymenoptera, Diptera, and 
Lepidoptera, and to a large extent the same species in the case of both 
plants. 
Fertilization of Phyllis. || — Prof. F. Delpino describes the mode of 
pollination of Phyllis Nohla, endemic in the Canary Islands, belonging 
to the Rubiacese, which is strictly anemophilous. He proposes to limit 
the tribe Autospermem of the order to genera which are strictly anemo- 
philous. 
(2) Nutrition and Growth (including- Movements of Fluids). 
Parasitism of Thesium.1T — M. 0. Lignier finds that the nature of the 
soil has no influence on the production of the vegetative organs of 
Thesium divaricatum var. humifusum , and that it is parasitic on a con- 
siderable number of species. It derives its nourishment from the host 
* I’ot. Tidsskr., xvii. (1889) p. 202. 
t Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., vii. (1889) Gen.-Versaniml.-Heft, pp. 42-4. Cf. 
this Journal, ante , p. 208. % Nature, xl. (1889) pp. 643-4. 
§ Bot. Centralbl., xl. (1889) pp. 273-7 (5 figs.). 
1| Malpighia, iii. (1889) pp. 348-9. 
U Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, iii. See Morot’s Journ. de Bot., iv. (1890) Rev. 
Bibl., p. x. 
