614 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
artificial, and attempts another, the chief points of which are here 
indicated : — 
ZOANTHARIA MADREPORARIA. 
I. Order: Athecalia. 
No circular fold arises from the base of the coral to give rise to a 
true wall. 
1. Suborder: Inexpleta, 
Septa either placed simply on the basal plate or only 
connected by epitheca. Interseptal chambers empty, no 
syiiapticufie. No acrogenous growth. Cylicia. 
2. Suborder: Synapticulata. 
Septa connected by synapticulae which may unite to form 
wall-like structures, &e. 
a. Simple forms, no prolate growth. Stephanophyllia. 
b. Internal budding ; prolate or prolate and acro- 
genous growth. 
Thamnastrseidse , Lophoseridse, Poritidse, Fungiidse. 
c. Simple form with acrogenous growth and secondary 
wall-thickening, or colonies formed by wall- 
budding. Secondary thickening of porous wall 
constant. 
Eupsammiidse (with Balanophyllia and Hetero- 
psammia), Madreporidse. 
3. Suborder: Pseudothecalia. 
Septa connected by lateral fusion to form a false wall. 
a. Simple form. Caryophyllia , Desmophyllum. 
b. Colonies formed by division. Mussidee (fam. nov.). 
c. Colonies formed by external budding. 
Cladocora and Cyatliohelia : Uelicistrseidse (fam. nov.). 
II. Order: Euthecalia. 
A circular fold rises up from the base of the coral and secretes a 
true wall. 
a. Simple forms ; acrogenous growth not considerable. 
Deltocyathus, Paracyatlius. 
b. Colonies formed by internal (coenenchym) budding ; 
marked prolate growth. Echinoporidse. 
c. Colonies formed by division ; marked acrogenous 
growth. 
Eusmiliidse (fam. nov.) and Euphylliidse (fam. nov.) 
d. Colonies formed by wall- budding ; growth chiefly 
acrogenous. 
Amphihelia , Acrohelia , Galaxea. 
Porifera. 
Freshwater Sponges of Canada and Newfoundland.* — Mr. A. H. 
Mackay gives a brief outline account of the Spongillidm of Canada. 
Ten species belonging to three genera have as yet been recorded. 
Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Section iv. (1889) pp. 85-95 (1 pi.). 
