616 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
regards as Algae, mainly on account of their exclusively holophytic 
nutrition. He describes species of Cryptomonas , Euglena, Phacus , and 
TracTielomonas, and sums up the general characters of the two families 
Cryptomonadinae and Euglenae. Distinguishing three phases of life — 
nutritive, reproductive, and conservative, he maintains that those who 
support the Protozoic character of the above forms have restricted their 
attention too much to the active stages. Yet in reproduction as well 
as in nutrition, Dangeard believes that Cryptomonas , Euglena , &c., 
are emphatically nearer to Algse than to Infusorians. Moreover, he 
concludes that all animals which contain “ chlorophyll ” owe this (except 
in two species of Vorticella) to the presence of symbiotic Algae, and thus 
finds in the chlorophyll of the dubious forms under discussion another 
argument in favour of their Protophyte character. 
Monadina and Chytridiacese Parasitic on Algse.* — M. C. de Bruyne 
presents the results of his study of the Protozoic parasites on Algae 
from the (dulf of Naples. To guard against the error of confounding 
the parasites with the reproductive cells of the Algae, he studied the 
life-histories, and observed the process of parasitism and the im- 
poverishment of the seaweed. His list of Monadina includes 
Pseudospora benedeni , Ps. edax, Gymnococcus cladophorse , G. gomphone- 
marum, G. licmophorae , Aphelidium lacerans , Leptophrys villosa, Vampyrella 
incolor , all new species, and Ectobiella plateaui g. et sp. n. ; while of 
Chytridiaceae he describes Olpidium bryopsidis, also a new species. 
In his general notes he emphasizes the following facts : — All the 
forms which he observed carefully were nucleated ; Ectobiella absorbs 
materials which have been digested on its surface ; though the different 
species have their favourite hosts, it is possible to transplant them to 
others. He contends that cilia are modified pseudopodia, connected 
with the latter by intermediate forms, and capable of being retracted 
and remade. 
Coccidia of Stickleback and Sardine.f — M. P. Thelohan describes 
two new species of Coccidium — C. gasterostei and C. sardinse. The 
former lives in the cells of the liver, where it undergoes the whole of 
its development. An encysted form segments and gives rise to four 
small nucleated spheres or sporoblasts ; the nucleus of each divides and 
the binucleated sporoblasts elongate, become surrounded by an envelope, 
and take on the typical appearance of a spore containing two nucleated 
falciform bodies. C. sardinse was found in the testes of sardines, and is 
a good deal larger (50 y) than C. gasterostei ; the adult only was 
examined ; it is remarkable for the small amount of space in the cyst 
which is occupied by the granular mass and the spores. 
* Arch, de Biol., x. (1890) pp. 43-104 (3 pis.). 
t Comptes Rendus, cx. (1890) pp. 1214-6. 
