ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
643 
Vaucheria-galls.* * * § — Mr. A. W. Bennett gives a resume of the litera- 
ture of the so-called Vaucheria-galls, caused by the attack on various 
species of VaucJieria of the rotifer Notommata Werneckii. The galls 
are, in all probability, at least very often, a fertile branch prevented 
from forming oogones and antherids by the attacks of the parasite. 
Mr. W. Narramore | contends that the occasional septation of the 
filaments of Vaucheria is not, as usually stated, always the result of 
injury. He also describes the occurrence of peculiar disc-shaped proto- 
plasmic bodies within the filaments, whether septated or unseptated ; 
and the formation of the so-called “ galls ” on V. dichotoma. 
Cephaleuros, Phycopeltis, and Hansgirgia.J — Dr. G. B. de Toni 
and Prof. F. Saccardo give diagnoses of these three genera of epiphytic 
algae, and of their known species, viz.: — G. virescens Kze., P. epiphyton 
Mill., P. arundinacea De Ton., and H. flabelligera De Ton. Cephaleuros 
Kze. they regard as perfectly autonomous, and not a form of Strigula , 
although it may possibly constitute the gonids of some species of this 
genus of lichens ; while the gonids of other species of the genus belong 
to Phycopeltis or Protococcus. Cunningham’s genus Mycoidea must be 
sunk in Cephaleuros. 
M. E. de Wildeman§ agrees with the opinion of Hariot and De Toni 
that Mycoidea Cunn. is a synonyme of Cephaleuros , and that the name 
Mycoidea parasitica Cunn. must be suppressed in favour of Cephaleuros 
virescens Kze. 
Reproduction of Codium.|| — Contrary to the observations of 
previous observers, Herr F. A. F. C. Went finds microzoosporanges and 
megazoosporanges of Codium tomentosum on the same plant, the former 
being later in their appearance than the latter. He was unable to 
detect any process of conjugation, either in the microzoospores among 
one another, or between these and the megazoospores. 
Fungi. 
Paraphyses of Fungi.1T — M. Boudier discusses the various opinions 
which have been brought forward as to the utility of these organs, and 
then points out that the paraphyses in fungi ought to be regarded as 
imperfect or sterile basids, and as protective organs or receptacles for 
reserve material. 
Saccharine Substances contained in Fungi.** — M. R. Ferry gives 
a resume of the process he adopts in order to analyse chemically the 
saccharine substances in fungi. This consists in first drying the 
material and then reducing it to small fragments, when it is boiled with 
alcohol (90 per cent.) for a few minutes. It is then filtered into porcelain 
capsules and allowed to evaporate, and the residue from the evaporation 
* Ann. of Bot., iv. (1890) pp. 172-4, 300-1 (1 fig.). 
•f Journ. Liverpool Micr. Soc., i. (1890) pp. 61-76 (2 pis.). 
x La Nuova Notarisia, i. (1890) pp. 1-20 (3 pis.). Of. this Journal, ante, p. 70. 
§ Notarisia, v. (1890) pp. 953-5. 
|| Yergad. Ned. Bot. Vereen., xlviii. (1889) (1 pi.). See Bot. Centralbl., xlii. 
(1890) p. 111. 
U Bull. Soc. Mycol. de France, 1890, p. x. See Rev. Mycol., xii. (1890) p. 145. 
** Rev. Mycol., xii. (1890) pp. 136-40. 
