ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
675 
suitable consistence is attained, the block is cut up with a medium sized 
Jung’s microtome. The description of this well-known section-cutter 
seems somewhat superfluous. The sections, which vary from 0*08 to 
0*005 mm., are fixed to the slide with the collodion and clove oil 
mixture and the paraffin dissolved out with turpentine. The turpentine 
is dissolved out effectually with alcohol, and this in its turn with water. 
The specimens are then mounted in glycerin or Kaiser’s glycerin 
jelly. Staining and mounting in balsam are passed over in a very few 
words. 
(4) Staining- and Inj ecting-. 
Laboratory Notes.* — Mile. Leclerq points out that it is advantage- 
ous to stain sections so as to show the micro-organism and the tissues as 
well. This can be effected by first staining with borax-carmine, and then 
using Gram’s or Bizzozero’s method. The steps to be followed are, 
first stain the section with borax- carmine, followed or not by decolora- 
tion with hydrochloric acid according to the result that is desired ; 
washing in water ; staining with Ehrlich violet ; washing in absolute 
alcohol followed by the Lugol iodine solution ; washing in absolute 
alcohol followed by decoloration in 1 per cent, chromic acid ; then 
absolute alcohol, oil of cloves, and balsam. 
For staining embryonic blood-corpuscles of birds, so as to dis- 
tinguish them from other embryonic elements, the authoress gives the 
following method: — (1) Overstain with fuchsin ; (2) moderate 
decoloration with 1/3 to 1/5 aqueous solution of acetic acid ; (3) wash- 
ing in water ; (4) rapid staining with weak solution of malachite-green ; 
(5) dehydration in absolute alcohol ; (6) clearing up in oil of cloves 
or origanum oil according to the degree of staining ; (7) mounting in 
balsam. 
By this method the malachite-green combines with the fuchsin in 
the embryonic tissues, which become violet-coloured, while the blood- 
corpuscles and the karyokinetic figures are red. 
The foregoing, although good for birds, is not successful for mam- 
mals, and for these the authoress adopts a method of triple staining, 
wherein she uses Congo red. This method consists (1) in staining for 
10-15 minutes in a very weak solution of Congo red ; (2) washing in 
water; (3) staining with Ehrlich’s violet, followed by decoloration 
according to Gram’s or Bizzozero’s method; (4) staining with alcoholic 
eosin ; (5) Dehydration in absolute alcohol, then oil of cloves and 
balsam. 
In this case the blood-globules are stained an orange-yellow. 
Apparatus for Impregnating Tissues, &c., and for making Esmarch 
Tubes.f — Dr. M. Herman describes an apparatus which is serviceable 
for histological, pathological, zoological, and bacteriological purposes. 
It consists of a water-wheel R (tig. 79) which revolves in a box. On one 
side of its axis is the handle M, and on the opposite side is an open metal 
case D, the latter being for the reception of a test-tube T, which is 
intended for the Esmarch cultivation method. The box rests on the 
* Bull. Soc. Beige Micr., xvi. (1890) pp. 61-5. 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., vii. (1890) pp. 55-7 (2 figs.). 
