ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
753 
Loitlesbergerianum, forming four-celled families, distinguished by a re- 
markable thick almost black median band; Trochiscia psammophila ; 
Dactylococcus sabulosus ; Leptoclisete marina , the only known marine 
species of the genus ; Microcoleus polythrix ; M. hospita ; M. catarac- 
tarum ; Oscillaria rupicola ; Lyngbya investiens ; L. long ear ticulata ; 
Spirulina adriatica; Aphanocapsa concharum , on shells of Patella; A. 
fonticola ; Chroococcus fuscoviolaceus. 
The author proposes the following new classification of the Con- 
fervoidese : — A. Vegetative cells multinucleated, Sphagropleacese, Confer- 
vacese (Anadyomenaceae, Cladophoraceae, Pithophoraceae, and Conferveae), 
Gomontiaceae, Botrydiaceae, and Sciadiaceae ; B. Vegetative cells uni- 
nucleated, Cylindrocapsaceae, GEdogoniaceae, Coleochaetaceae, Trentepohli- 
aceae, Ulotrichaceae (Ulvacem, Blastosporeae or Prasiolaceae, Ulotrichem, 
Chsetophorace®, and Entocladiaceae). 
Fungi. 
Enzyme produced by Parasitic Fungi.* — Mr. A. L. Kean confirms, 
in the cases of Iihizopus nigricans , Phytophtliora infestans, and some other 
species, the statement of de Bary and Marshall Ward that so-called 
parasitic fungi produce an enzyme which destroys the tissue of the host 
and prepares the way for the growth of the fungus. It can be obtained 
by crushing the diseased tissue in a mortar and filtering, and can then 
be precipitated by alcohol ; it is again soluble in water. In demonstra- 
ting the destructive effects of this enzyme on vegetable tissues, precautions 
were taken to guard against the presence of bacteria. 
Employment of Parasitic Fungi against the Attacks of Noxious 
Insects. | — M. A. Giard points to the utilization of the Entomophthoreae 
against the attacks of noxious insects. There are, however, one or two 
difficulties in the way ; the chief being that the conidial spores of the 
Entomophthorese, by which propagation takes place most easily, only 
preserve their power of germinating for a very short space of time. 
Other groups which ought to be experimented with are the entomorphic 
Schizomycetes, the Isarieae, and the Psorospermiese. 
Chytridiaceae parasitic on Algae.if— M. E. de Wildeman describes 
twenty-one species of Chytridiaceaa found in Belgium, all of them para- 
sitic on different species of freshwater Algm, viz. : — Bhizidium Schenckii 
on various algae, B. bulligerum and B. Cienkowskianum on Spirogyra 
crassa, B. acuforme on Ghlamydomonas , B. apiculatum on Gloeococcus sp., 
B. Euglense on Euglena viridis, B. fusus on a diatom, B. spheerocarpum 
on Mougeotia genuflexa, B. lagenaria on Spirogyra sp., Chytridium 
transversum on Ghlamydomonas pulvisculus, G. subangulosum on Oscillaria 
sp., G. mammillatum on Conferva bombycina and Stigeoclonium sp., 
C. lagenula on Ophiocytium cochleare , C. rostellatum sp. n. on Spirogyra 
crassa , G.globosum on Melosira varians, Phlyctidium irregular e sp. n. on a 
diatom, Olpidiopsis SoroJcinei sp. n. on Conferva bombycina , Olpidiopsis 
Schenckiana on Mougeotia and Spirogyra , Septocarpus corynephorus on a 
diatom, Ectrogella Bacillar iacearum on Gomphonema sp., and Synedra 
sp., Polyphagus Euglense on Euglena viridis. 
* Bot. Gazette, xv. (1890) pp. 171-4. f Rev. Mycol., xii. (1890) pp. 71-3. 
I Ann. Soc. Beige Microscop., xiv. (1890) pp. 3-28 (7 figs.). 
