ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
763 
nation should be made to extend to the secreta and the cadaver, a 
procedure which would involve an immense amount of trouble and care, 
and also to the discovery of micro-organisms present in the various 
organs alone, or in combination. 
Yet he suggests that bacillus i. might be provisionally accepted as 
the cause of intiuenza, and, in conclusion, calls attention to two patho- 
genic bacteria found in the nasal fossae. 
The communication concludes with a tabular retrospect of the various 
micro-organisms found during the investigations, and is divided into 
two parts, the first of which deals with the bacteria of bronchitis, and 
the second with the streptococci, capsule-bacteria, and allied micro- 
organisms, found in influenza and its sequelae. For the details of these 
experiments, which are both voluminous and important, we must refer 
to the original. 
Herr J. Prior* has examined fifty-three cases of influenza, twenty- 
nine of which were uncomplicated, while in the remainder there was 
also pneumonia. 
The Fraenkel- Weichselbaum pneumonia - coccus, Staphylococcus 
pyogenes aureus , and Streptococcus pyogenes , were constantly found in the 
secreta of the respiratory passages, and in the exudates of various 
organs. It was found that the pneumonia-cocci frequently preceded the 
Streptococci , which, having ousted the former, proceeded to undisturbed 
development, thus producing the phenomena of inflammation. The 
author, however, does not regard any of the three organisms as the 
exciting cause, but considers that the influenza simply prepares a 
favourable medium for their development. 
Herr E. Levy f found in seventeen out of eighteen cases of influenza 
the Diplococcus pneumonise Fraenkel. The secretions examined were 
pus from the ear (otitis) and from the pleural sac (empyema) ; also serous 
pleural exudations and the catarrhal secretion from the respiratory tract. 
Besides this, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus pyogenes albus 
were occasionally found. The results of this observer are worthy of 
notice on account of the predominating number of the pneumonia coccus, 
and interesting because at the time of the epidemic there was an unusual 
number of cases of croupous pneumonia in the place of observation 
(Strassburg). 
Kowalski J has examined sixteen cases of influenza, and from them 
isolated three hitherto unknown kinds of micro-organisms. (1) The 
first resembled the typhoid bacillus. The rodlets were easily stained, 
grew at ordinary temperature on potato, agar, and gelatin. The gelatin 
was liquefied and the colonies of a brownish hue. (2) The second 
variety formed snow-white colonies on the surface of the gelatin, which 
was liquefied. They were from 1-2 cm. in diameter, and only throve at 
low temperatures. (3) The third kind grew best in agar at incubation 
temperature, and in twenty-four hours appeared as colourless drops 
* Munchener Med. Wochenschr., 1890, Nos. 13-15. See Centralbl. f. Bakterio]. 
u. Parasitenk., vii. (1890) pp. 705-7. 
t Berlin Klin. Wochenschr., 1890, No. 7. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk., vii. (1890) pp. 711-3. 
I Wiener Klin. Wochenschr., 1890, Nos. 13 and 14. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol 
u. Parasitenk., vii. (1890) pp. 701-3. 
