32 
Bulletin of Natural History Society. 
posed, which also has given conglomerates to the Cambrian, 
and which has a great thickness. 
The oldest of these three series of rocks has been described 
in the reports of the geological survey of Canada as the 
‘•'^Tipper series” of the Laurentian area, and in this the fossils 
I refer to have been found. 
At three horizons in this system, remains of animals of low 
organization occur. The oldest is in the upper part of the 
quartzites which are found in the lower half of the system. 
They are Hexactinellid sponges, probably allied to the genus 
Cyatliosyonqia. The frame-work consists of a somewhat 
irregular set of cross-bar spicules, forming a mesh, in the in- 
tervals of which are scattered smaller spicules similarly 
arranged. 
The second horizon of organic forms is in the upper lime- 
stones of the ‘‘ Upper series.” The organism found here is of 
an entirely different character from the sponges. It is one of 
the calcareous coral-like structures, somewhat like certain 
forms found in the basal beds of the Cambrian. Its structure 
has not yet been studied, but it consists of elongated cylin- 
drical objects with bodies from one inch to three inches 
across, and several inches in length.* 
The object consists of a cumulative growth of conical par- 
titions, layer upon layer; building up a cylindrical body that 
in cross-section looks not unlike a part of a tree trunk; 
and which bears a general resemblance to Stromatoyora rugosa. 
The upper limestones at the base of which these organisms are 
found have probably suffered greatly from denudation, as we 
find areas of the rock system to which they belong, which do 
not appear to have the upper limestones. Good examples of 
the fossils are known from only one locality. 
The third horizon is that of the graphite beds, in which 
occur great numbers of spicules of sponges arranged in paral- 
lel sets, one set crossing another at an acute angle. This type 
of sponge is apparently Monactinellid. As only straight 
needle-like spicules, without rays, have been observed in this 
sponge, it probably was a mass of jelly, or sarcode protected 
* Described further on as J^ozoon Acadiense. 
