ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
479 
products into a small median dilatation, which is connected with the 
external orifice by a very short duct. It has not been shown that they 
play any part in the digestion of food. 
The glands of the abdominal segments and of the joints of the legs are 
generally oval ; each has, at its distal extremity, a single orifice which 
is situated under a small chitinous scale. These openings are always on 
the outer face of the joints. They are connected with nerve-filaments, 
and their contents appear to vary in character with the abundance of 
food. 
In Canthocamptus the unicellular glands are very numerous and 
well developed. The abdominal segments are almost completely sur- 
mounted by a wide zone of glands full of small vesicles, colourless, of 
low refracting power, and opening on the cuticle. The swimming limbs 
have one large gland in the basal joint. All these glands appear to 
be excretory, and the view that some are of use in the search for the 
opposite sex is incorrect. 
An account is given of the nervous system of Diaptomus Castor, 
which was hitherto very imperfectly known. The brain is formed of 
a central fibrillar mass, and a more or less thick, peripheral layer of 
cells. It gives rise on the dorsal surface to an unpaired prolongation 
which soon divides into two symmetrical branches which are directed 
forwards. The suboesophageal mass is formed of three ganglia, and 
has the thoracic mass separated from it by a slight constriction. 
The latter contains four ganglionic swellings. A detailed account is 
given of the nervous system of Diaptomus, and that of other Calanidee 
is said to be exactly similar to it. Certain peculiarities in the nervous 
system of Cyclops which escaped the notice of Hartog are pointed out. 
The same system in the Harpactidae is distinguished by a very great 
fusion of the ganglia. M. Richard thinks that Hartog was wrong in 
denying the existence of a neurilemna in Cyclops ; it is found in all 
Copepoda ; and he fails to find the multipolar nerve-cells described 
by that author. 
All Copepods have the structure of eye described by Hartog in 
Cyclops ; Brady a Edwardsi, however, is eyeless, though capable of derma- 
toptic sensations. The organ described by Hartog as auditory is a uni- 
cellular gland, and no Copepod is known to have a special organ of 
hearing. 
On the fifth pair of the legs of the males of the Calanidae there are 
special structures which probably serve as organs of special sensation 
in copulation. 
In conclusion an account is given of the French Copepoda, among 
which are a number of new and interesting forms. 
Synapticola— a new parasitic Copepod.* — Dr. W. Voigt describes 
Synapticola teres g. et sp. n. from Synapta Kefersteinii Sel. In cross 
section the body is almost cylindrical posteriorly, slightly flattened 
anteriorly. The thinner posterior part of the body begins with the 
fifth thoracic segment. There are eleven segments ; but the head and 
the first thoracic segment are fused, and in the female the sixth 
thoracic segment and the first abdominal (Milne Edwards and Della 
* Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zook, liii. Suppl. (1892) pp. 31-42 (1 pi.). 
