ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
487 
Liver Flukes. — A paper by M. Francis * * * § is noticed by Dr. C. W. 
Stiles | who points out that the proposed new species, Bistoma texanicum , 
is identical with Hassall’s D. americanum. It is very possible that this 
last is the same as Bassi’s D. magnum , which is not, as some have sup- 
posed, merely a large example of D. hepaticum. 
Tsenise of Freshwater Fishes, f — Herr A. Kraemer describes the 
structure of certain freshwater Tsenise. In Tsenia jilicollis Rud. from 
Coregonus ferox there is a porous cuticle of two lamellas, a finely striated 
cutis, a muscular layer of circular and longitudinal muscles, and a sub- 
muscular layer of vesicular cells, within which there is a strong internal 
longitudinal musculature. There are two nerve-strands, four longi- 
tudinal excretory vessels, which are united on the posterior margin 
of each proglottis, and in an annular anastomosis beneath the brain. 
The gonads are described in detail, but have no very remarkable pecu- 
liarities. The author points out that T. ocellata is only T. Jilicollis 
modified by parasitism in a larger host. He also describes the rarer 
T. torulosa Batsch from Alburnus lucidus , which has hitherto been almost 
uninvestigated. The joints are very short and the organs consequently 
much compressed, but the general structure is very like that of T. longi- 
collis Rud. recently described by von Linstow. 
Gonads of Tsenia botriophthis.§ — Dr. C. de Filippi describes the 
reproductive system of this parasite of the fowl. The gonads are com- 
pletely developed in the 180th proglottis ; the genital pores are 
unilateral ; there are no seminal vesicles, nor is there a uterus ; the 
ovary contains the eggs before and after fertilization, and afterwards 
forms ovigerous capsules, which, with their contained larvae, invade the 
whole proglottis. 
A rare Abnormality in a Tapeworm.|| — Dr. M. 0. Francaviglia 
describes a specimen of Tsenia solium , in which the hooks were com- 
pletely absent, while in place of them there were twelve large papillae 
like those of some Nematodes. 
Parasites of North Atlantic Balsenopteridse.li— Herr L. A. Jager- 
skiold reports four round and flat worm parasites from Balsenoptera 
rostrata , five from B. borealis , two from B. musculus , and three from B. 
Sibbaldi. Ogmogaster plicatus is found in the first three, Echinorhynchus 
turbinella in the second and third, and Ascaris angulivalvis in the first and 
fourth. 
5. Incertse Sedis. 
Genera of Enteropneusta.**— Prof. H. Spengel distinguishes nine- 
teen species and four genera of this remarkable group. The genera may 
be distinguished by the characters of the musculature of the body; 
* Bull. Texas Agricult. Stat., 1891, 9 pp. (6 figs.), 
f Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) p. 608. 
% Zool. Anzeig., xv. (1892) pp. 14-8. 
§ Boll. Soc. Rom. Stud. Zool., i. (1892) pp. 75-9 (1 pi.). 
|| Tom. cit., pp. 31-5 (1 fig.). 
ij Biol. Foren. Forhandl. Stockholm, iii. No. 7. See Biol. 
, 574. 
** Yerhandl. Deutsch. Zool. Ges., 1891, p. 47. See Amer. Nat., xxvi. (1892) 
. 348. 
Centralbl., xi. (1802) 
