ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
609 
nervous system exhibits a noteworthy concentration of the ventral chain, 
whose ganglia, as in Corycaeidae, are fused into a strand, covered with 
ganglionic cells, extending to the first free thoracic segment. An 
examination of the eye makes it likely that it is, in spite of its dorsal 
position, a median eye. This possibility is discussed at length. 
The genital organs of the females are paired throughout. On the 
other hand, the male organs are, as in so many Harpactidae, asymmetri- 
cally developed, sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other. On many 
grounds Claus maintains the near relationship of Mirada and Setella. 
Body-cavity and Excretory Apparatus of Cirfipedia.* — M. It. 
Koehler describes the general cavity of the body of Cirripedes as repre- 
sented by lacunae of connective tissue irregularly distributed between the 
wall of the body and the digestive tube. All these lacunae, except two 
which are completely isolated, communicate with one another; the most 
considerable forms an important cavity placed at the point of union of the 
peduncle and the capitulum. All these lacunae together represent the 
general cavity, but there are two which differ in certain import ant charac- 
ters ; they have a proper wall with an endothelial investment, they do not 
communicate with the others, and they are more constant in character. 
They are situated in the cephalic region, on each side of the digestive 
tube, and they extend towards the ventral side, where they are separated 
by a wide connective septum. In the pharyngeal region they send off, 
towards the lower lip, a prolongation which opens to the exterior by a fine 
canal. This communication appears to be general in all the Cirripedia. 
The excretory organs have been incompletely figured by Messrs. 
Hoek and Nussbaum, the two authors who have most recently occupied 
themselves with these animals. The organs in question are paired, and 
form on each side of the body a sort of sac which is placed between the 
integuments, and the two large spaces described above. They vary 
much in different genera. In the Balanidae and Anelasma they are sacs 
with a simple cavity, but in Scalpellum and Pollicipes they are divided 
into several compartments, while in Lepas and Conchoderma they are 
divided into a large number of compartments, owing to the formation of 
anastomosing septa. 
In PoV wipes cornucopise the apparatus is largely developed, and the 
different parts of the renal sacs give off numerous prolongations which 
traverse the interposed layers of connective tissue and reach the wall of 
the general cavity ; there, however, they have not been seen to open. 
Exchange appears to be effected by endosmosis. In some forms the 
elongated and tortuous lacunae ramify on the walls of the sacs, and so 
multiply the surfaces of contacts. 
In Conchoderma the author has discovered a communication of the 
organs of excretion with the exterior which he has not noticed elsewhere* 
The histological characters indicate that these organs are rather kidneys 
where solid products are amassed than eliminating organs with a wide 
communication to the exterior. Further details are promised. 
New Cirripedia.j — Dr. C. W. S. Aurivillius describes a number 
of new species from various localities, among which are thirteen forms 
* Comptes Rendus, cxiv. (1892) pp. 1214-7. 
f Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., xlix. (1892) pp. 123-34. 
2 T 
1892. 
