ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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accessory sucker which bears two horn-like spurs on its posterior margin. 
The neck is of median length. The genital apertures are marginal and 
irregularly alternating. From the dolphin Monticelli describes one of 
the Tetracotylidae which Krefft recognized ( Tsenia Forsteri ), but which 
is referable to a new genus, Prosihecocotyle. The body is anteriorly 
lanceolate; the head is small, quadrangular, quite distinct from the 
neck, with four tubercles at the four anterior angles ; the suckers are 
large and strong ; and each is furnished antero-laterally with an elongated 
appendage ; the neck is short, and not very distinct from the body ; the 
segments are crowded, imbricate, and much broader than they are long ; 
the genital apertures are marginal and unilateral. 
Cercaria Clausii.* — Dr. Th. Pintner gives some description of this 
remarkable form of Cercaria, named as above by Monticelli. It occurs 
in strange groups, the members of which have their tails coiled together 
after the fashion of a “ Rattenkonig.” The intermediate host was the 
Prosobranch Trivia europsea Ad. ( coccinella Lam.). In confinement this 
Mollusc liberated about thirty of the Cercaria colonies in a day. These 
swam about for two days or so, sank to the bottom, and sooner or later 
lost their tails and died. Dr. Pintner notes that the members of a 
colony do not free themselves voluntarily, and that the movements of 
the colony are very arbitrary. Claus suggested that Medusas were 
perhaps final hosts of these Cercarias ; but this remains quite uncertain. 
The number in a colony varied from 10-20 ; the length of each 
Cercaria, apart from its tail, was from *2- ‘27 mm. The predominant 
reticulate pigmentation of body and tail is bright yellow, and there 
are also little black corpuscles in the body. Anteriorly lies a spherical 
sucker with a narrow stalk, probably the oesophagus, as Monticelli 
believed. The ventral sucker lies towards the posterior end. The 
tail consists of three parts, a large sac-like region with stiff hairs, a 
thin tentacle-like prolongation, and a terminal knob. In regard to all 
this Dr. Pintner notes such details as he was able to observe, but it 
is to be hoped that more will be soon heard of the “ Rattenkonig- 
Cercarie.” 
Multilocular Echinococcus and its Tsenia.f — Dr. Mangold reports 
three cases of multilocular Echinococcus which have been observed during 
the past four years at Tubingen. In all three cases the parasite had 
settled in the liver. The Echinococcus occurs in man after swallowing 
the ova of Tsenia echinococcus , its embryo being set free by the action of 
the gastric juice upon the shell. Whether the embryo arrives at its final 
destination by active or passive migration is still doubtful. At any rate, 
its path is along veins, as may be gathered from its frequent occurrence 
in the liver ; herein it may assume the hydatid or alveolar form. The 
multilocular Echinococcus adopts the latter shape, developing in spaces 
in the hepatic substance, and filling these out, imparts to the liver a 
porous spongy appearance. The set of vessels it pursues is variable, 
and hence the presence or absence of certain symptoms (ascites, jaundice). 
The unilocular Echinococcus is spread over the whole earth, while 
* Arb. Zool. Inst. Univ. Wien (Claus) ix. (1891) pp. 285-94 (1 pi.). 
f Berliner Klin. Wockenschr., 1892, Nos. 2 and 3. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) pp. 738-9. 
