620 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
tlie distribution area of the multilocular form is more restricted, being con- 
fined to Bavaria, Wiirttemberg, Switzerland, and Austria. A satisfactory 
explanation of the geographical distribution of the multilocular hydatid 
can only be given by assuming that it is produced by a different Cysti- 
cercus from the unilocular, a view which Leuckart negatives, while 
Yogler, who is supported by the author, calls attention to the difference 
in the booklets, and shows that these are longer than in the unilocular 
hydatid. 
The author made experiments with multilocular hydatids by feeding 
two dogs with liver infested with the parasite. One dog was killed 
fifty days after feeding, and three specimens of Taenia echinococcus were 
found in the small intestine. The intestine of the other dog also con- 
tained a Taenia echinococcus. A pig twelve weeks old was then fed with 
the gut of one of these dogs, and four months afterwards its liver was 
found to contain a multilocular hydatid. 
5. Incertae Sedis. 
Frenzel’s Mesozoon Salinella.* — Prof. S. Apathy considers the 
biological importance of this interesting organism. It appears to 
him to fill the gap between Volvox and Trichoplax. Of a gulf between 
Protozoa and Metazoa it is no longer fair to speak, least of all so 
pessimistically as does Frenzel. Apathy discusses at length the 
characters of Salinella , interpreting them more hopefully than the 
discoverer does, and comes to the conclusion that a gap in our know- 
ledge as to the origin of Metazoa from Protozoa has been most satis- 
factorily filled. 
Echinodermata. 
Crinoids and Echinoids of the Norwegian North Sea Exoe- 
dition, t — Dr* D. C. Danielssen gives a very detailed description of 
Bathycrinus Carpenteri, for which it is now found unnecessary to form 
the distinct genus Ilycrinus. There is a description of Echinus Alex - 
andri D. & K., some notes on E. norvegicus , and station lists giving the 
occurrence of twelve other species of Echinoids. 
Classification of Ophiuroids.J — Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell has been led 
by a study of a remarkable Ophiuroid with coiling arms, which he 
calls Ophioteresis elegans , to propose some modifications in the classifi- 
cation of the Brittlestars. The articulating surface of the arm-ossicles 
of the new genus are extremely generalized ; there is neither the 
definite saddle-shape face of the Astrophytidae, nor the possession of 
processes and pits as seen in Ophiura or Ophiothrix. For such forms 
as have the ambulacral ossicles articulating by means of a more or 
less simple ball-and-socket joint he proposes the name of Streptophiurae ; 
the Astrophiurae or Cladophiurae are those in which the ossicles have 
hour- glass-shaped surfaces, while the Zygophiurae are those in which 
the movement of the ossicles on one another is limited by the develop- 
ment of lateral processes and pits. 
He justifies the vagueness of his definition of the Streptopliiurae by 
* Biol. Centralbl., xii. (1892) pp. 108-23. 
t ‘Ben Norske Nordhavs-Expedition,’ xxi., Christiania, 1892, 28 and 9 pp., 
5 pis. and 1 map, 1 pi. 
