ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
627 
is found in the spleen, which in the former becomes enlarged, and of a 
brownish black colour, in consequence of the deposit of melanin ; while 
in the acute form the spleen becomes smaller, anaemic, and pale brown. 
The parasite of the acute form, different from that of the chronic, is 
called Cyiosporon malariee , in order to distinguish it from the Cytamceba 
of man, which has the power of movement. The word Cytamoeba is 
used instead of Haemamoeba in order to express the existence of a parasite 
within a corpuscle. 
Although movements were not observed, yet their appearance within 
blood-cells points to the fact that these parasites are possessed of a 
transitory mobility. In the acute form the Cytospora form spores, and 
also differ from the parasites of the chronic form in being located at one 
pole of the corpuscle pushing the nucleus towards the other, while in 
the chronic the nucleus remains in its normal position. 
On the third day after the appearance of the parasite the characteristic 
melanin granules are observable, and shortly after this the spores, the 
diameter of which is about eight times less than that of the nucleus of 
the corpuscle, while their shape is more or less rounded. The spores are 
set free in the plasma by the destruction of the corpuscle, which first 
becomes colourless and then disappears. 
The spores are easily stained with methylen-blue and safranin. 
They are elliptical in shape, and resemble the spores of some Sarco- 
sporidia, and still more the Microsporidia of Pebrine. The further 
destination of these spores is uncertain, but it is probable that they 
accumulate in the spleen, bone-marrow, and lymphatic system. 
With regard to increased temperature, the author notes from nume- 
rous observations that the rectal temperature of healthy birds is from 
41 • 5°_42 • 5°, and that anything over 43° is to be regarded as febrile. 
According to the author, the principal focus of blood-parasitism is 
to be sought, not in the blood itself, but in the blood-forming organs 
in the spleen and bone-marrow, both in the cold- and warm-blooded 
animals, and it is in these situations that individual differences exert 
their influence in the microbiosis of the blood. 
Intracellular and Intranuclear Parasitism in Man.* — M. Sonda- 
kewitsch has been able to demonstrate in ninety-five cases of cancer 
intracellular parasites belonging to the class Sporozoa, and the appear- 
ances of these microbes are depicted in three plates accompanying the 
text. The cancerous tumour was fixed with Flemming’s fluid and osmic 
acid, and afterwards treated with Muller’s fluid. The sections were 
stained by various methods, but chiefly with borax-carmine and watery 
methylen-blue. 
The author shows that Virchow had observed and portrayed these 
parasites forty years ago. The author promises a further communication 
on the relation of the parasites to the protoplasm and the nucleus, and 
on the typical giant-cells of carcinomatous neoplasms. 
Parasites in Cancer .f— Prof. E. Metschnikoflf, after an inspection of 
the specimens of cancer of pancreas and lymphatic glands submitted 
to him by Sondakewitsch, fully confirms the latter’s observations. The 
* Annales Inst. Pasteur, 1892, p. 145. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk., xii. (1892) p. 39. t Annales Inst. Pasteur, 1892, p. 158. 
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