ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
791 
had the advantage of examining, among others, a living specimen, but he 
confines himself at present to an account of the external characters. He 
is not, therefore, at present able to explain the curious fact that there 
are two orifices on the female somite ; attention is also called to an 
infund ibuliform pore on the ninety-fifth ring which does not seem to 
have a homologue in any known Leech. 
j 3. Nemathelmintlaes. 
Gordius pustulosus.* * * § — Prof. L. Camerano has found this rare species 
as an abundant parasite in Blaps mucronata. It has indeed been 
previously found in species of the same genus, but only on some three or 
four occasions. Camerano has also found it in Sphodrus leucophthalmus 
and Harpalus aeneus. In Blaps both males and females occurred. He 
believes that the early development, at least in the subterranean 
passages of Turin, occurs in damp earth, and that Blaps is in these cases 
the only host. 
Helminthological Notes.f — Prof. M. Stossich has notes on a new 
series of Venetian Helminths collected by A. Conte Ninni. The series 
includes Filaria Ninnii Stossich, Hystrichis tricolor Dujardin, Dispharagus 
spiralis Molin, EchinorJiynchus lanceolatus Linstow, and many others. 
Anatomy and Life-history of Strongylus convolutus4 — Dr. H. 
Stadelmann gives some details as to the anatomical structure of this 
parasite of cattle ; the larvae, when they escape with the faeces, seem, to 
judge from the presence of pharyngeal teeth, to be able to live a free life 
for some considerable period ; but they may be known from Rhabditis- 
forms by having only one and not two bulbous swellings in the fore-gut. 
It has not yet been possible to trace the larva further. 
Embryonic Development of Strongylus paradoxus.§ — Herr B. 
Wandollech gives an account of his observations on the development of 
this Nematode. He was able to confirm the observations of Gotte on 
Bhabditis , for he observed that when there were only two blastomeres, 
they lost their spherical form and became pear-shaped ; then the one 
which contained no yolk-grains sent out a broad finger-shaped process 
over the other, which did the same on the opposite side. This is the 
first sign of the overgrowth of the endoderm by the ectoderm, for all 
the tissues which arise from the ectoderm are derived from the blasto- 
mere which is poor in yolk, and all the endodermal tissue from that 
which is rich in it. The first line of cleavage is not, as usually, meridi- 
onal but equatorial; this seems to be true of all Nematodes. The 
elements of the ectoderm are finely granular, small and hyaline ; the 
tail-cells, like the endodermal pieces, are large and filled with yellowish 
yolk. The mesoderm arises from two mesoblasts which are derived from 
the endoderm ; these give rise to mesodermal stripes, and as they are 
formed a slit-like blastopore becomes apparent which soon closes up. 
In the latter portion of his memoir the author gives a short account 
of the chief organs developed from each of the germinal layers. 
* Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, xxvii. (1891-2) pp. 598-607 (1 pi.). 
f Glasnik Hrv. Nar. Druztva (Soc. Hist. Nat. Groatica), vi. (1891) pp. 4 
(1 pi.). 
X Arch. f. Naturg., Iviii. (1892) pp. 149-76 (1 pi.). 
§ Tom. cit., pp. 123-48 (1 pi.). 
