ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
833 
striking from their brown colour. To remedy this disaster the author 
advises that the clover should be kept under careful observation, in 
order that what becomes affected should be cut down and destroyed at 
the first appearance of the disease. 
The characters of the new Macrosporium are as follows : — M. sarcinse- 
forme sp. n. Hyphis sterilibus in parenchymate foliaceo repentibus, 
hyalinis, ramosis, septatis, hyphis fertilibus e stomatibus egredientibus, 
brevibus, erectis, rigidiusculis, parce septatis, nodulosisque, bruneo- 
olivaceis, sporis (conidiis) sarcinseformibus, medio constrictis, transverse 
et longitudinaliter septatis, concoloribus, levibus, 24-28 x 12-18 /x. 
Botrytis tenella.* — M. E. Lecoeur has succeeded in inoculating two 
of the largest apple plagues, Anthonomus pomorum and Cheimatobia bru- 
mata, with the fungus which has recently been used successfully against 
the cockchafer grub. The author inoculated pupm living in the ground 
under the apple trees with a pure cultivation, and his first experiments 
were so successful that he believes that Botrytis tenella may be used to 
exterminate both insects. 
Differences between Oidinm albicans and Qidium lactis. t — Herr 
A. Weidenbaum found that the form of the Soor fungus varied with 
the consistence and composition of the substratum. In fluid media, 
not containing sugar or dextrin, it deposits a cloudy sediment which 
is composed of long branched or simple filaments; these filaments 
develope by extension from the “ conids,” and then again form by 
budding new “ conids.” If the fluid contain glucose or dextrin the 
sediment formed is powdery, and this is composed of yeast-like cells 
which multiply by budding. On solid media without glucose or dextrin 
both forms are found together, the yeast-like predominating at the 
surface, the filamentous at the bottom. The macroscopical appearance 
of puncture cultivations on meat-pepton gelatin varies according as the 
latter contains or not glucose or dextrin. On the other hand the form 
of Oidinm lactis is perfectly constant and independent of any of the 
foregoing conditions. The macroscopical appearance of puncture culti- 
vations is constant and different in appearance from the cultures of 
0. albicans. 
The physiological differences are as follows : — 0. albicans never, 
under any circumstances, liquefies gelatin. Its optimum temperature is 
37° C. In media containing glucose it eventually produces traces of 
alcohol. 0 . lactis is able to liquefy gelatin if this have an acid reac- 
tion ; its optimum temperature is 20°, and after two weeks it produces 
notable quantities of alcohol. Other differences relative to pathogenic 
properties are well known. 
Fungi of Fruit-trees.;]; — Sig. F. Cavara, after enumerating the 
diseases of fruit-trees observed at the cryptogamic laboratory of Pavia, 
* Bull. Soc. My col. France, viii. (1892) pp. 20-1. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) p. 772. 
t Arb. St. Petersburger Naturf. Gesell. (Bot.), 1891, pp. 26-8. See Centralbl. 
f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) pp. 569-70. 
x L’Agricoltura Italiana, xvi. (1890) pp. 1-11. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. 
Parasitenk., xi. (1892) pp. 705-0. 
