ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
835 
M. F. Gay* * * § asserts that Crouzel’s sulphuretted-hydrogen-forming 
yeast does not exist. Ordinary beer yeast soon dies in gypsum water. 
The formation of sulphuretted hydrogen is to be ascribed to the agency 
of bacteria and fungi by which the yeast cultivation had been infected. 
Effect of the Rays of the Sun on Saccharomyces.t — According to 
M. V. Martinand, grapes gathered from the lower part of a branch 
have, on their surface, a larger number of Saccharomyces, especially of 
S. apiculatus, than grapes gathered from the middle or upper part of 
the same branch. This is owing to the retarding influence which the 
rays of the sun, both the calorific and the luminous, exercise on the 
development of these organisms. The lower bunches of grapes are 
both more shaded than the upper ones, and are also nearer to the soil, 
which contains enormous quantities of S. apiculatus. 
Infection by Uredinese.J — Mr. C. B. Plowright has succeeded in 
infecting Betula alba with Cseoma Laricis , producing the uredo-form 
Melampsora betulina. A new species of Melampsora , M. repentis, was 
cultivated on Salix repens , the 8ecidio-form of which is Cseoma Orchidis 
parasitic on Orchis maculata. 
Loverdo’s Cryptogamic Diseases of Cereals.§ — M. J. de Loverdo 
publishes a very useful epitome of all that is known with regard to the 
various cryptogamic parasites which attack cereals. The structure and 
life-history of each fungus is described in detail, followed by an account 
of the effect produced on the host, and of the various remedies which 
have been proposed. 
New Fungus-parasite of the Maple.|| — Prof. R. Hartig describes a 
very destructive disease of the maple due to the attacks of a hitherto 
undescribed fungus to which the name Septogloeum Hartigianum has been 
given. The attacks are almost confined to branches of the first year. 
The mycele attacks the bark, medullary rays, and xylem-vessels. 
Black-rot.1T — Dr. E. Rathay gives a full account of this disease of 
the vine, caused by Lsestadia Bidwellii, imported from America into 
Europe, of its life-history, of the injuries caused by it in the host- 
plant, and of the means of combating it. The mycele developes in 
the interior of the organ attacked, the young branches and berries, 
and produces spermogones and pycnids in the course of the summer. 
It is especially by the pycnospores that the fungus is disseminated. 
Towards the end of the period of growth sclerotes are formed, usually 
within the pycnids, and from these conidiophores spring. Peritheces 
are also formed in May and June on the fallen diseased berries of the 
previous year. 
* L’Union Pharmaceutique, xxxiii. (1892) p. 117. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. 
u. Parasitenk., xi. (1892) p. 801. 
f Comptes Rendus, cxiii. (1891) pp. 782-4. Cf. this Journal (1891) p. 643. 
% Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, i. (1892) pp. 130-3. 
§ ‘ Les maladies cryptogamiques des cereales,’ Paris, 1892 (35 figs.). See Bull. 
Soc. Bot. France, xxxix. (1892) Rev. Bibl., p. 97. 
l| Forst.-wiss. Zeitschr., 1892 (1 fig.). See Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxix. 
(1892) Rev. Bibb, p. 95. 
If ‘Per Black-rot,’ 34 pp. and 19 figs. See Bot. Centralbl., 1892, Beih., p. 312. 
Cf. this Journal, ante , p. 84. 
